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Employment Potential for Agricultural and Allied Graduate as Self Employers

2009-03-29T21:12:00.000-07:00

Employment Opportunities for Agricultural Graduates

G.M. Wani

Ph.D ; D.V.M (Germany)

FN ISSGAPU, FN DAAD

Director Extension Education / SAMETI

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir

Shalimar, Srinagar, 191121

Introduction

In the past few years the growth of Agricultural Universities have increased from few in 1940 to more than 40 by 2004. The enrolled students number increased from mere half a thousand to nearly 20 thousands between this period. As on today we have 260 colleges in India imparting educational degrees in Agriculture alone. They consist of various disciplines including veterinary, horticulture, sericulture, forestry, floriculture and a number of other sub-disciplines as plantation crops, medicinal herbs, mushroom, seed production, dairy production, agri-management and like. A number of Government department in India employ agricultural and allied graduates. The mode of recruitment is through respective State & Central Govt. public service commissions.

Beside professional employment, the agricultural graduates can compete in the national or State administrative or financial and allied services. Similarly many banks, insurance companies, private industries, private concerns and development companies. The NGO do also employ agricultural and allied graduates. The graduates have to go through employment new and other professional Journals through Radio, TV and both central and State Govts. also give advertisements. A vast number of professional, managerial and industry related advanced courses after agri or allied graduation are also advertised. They include business management, financial management or related disciplines in corporate sector. A diploma in mass media, computers or even commerce shall fetch a graduate additional employment chances in Govt. and private sectors. Opportunities in foreign countries for agri-graduates are also there, however this would need diploma in international agriculture and a driving licence besides a passport.

For graduates a number of courses are available for Masters. Even on date we have 1/3rd positions vacant in SAU and ICAR Institutes, for which annually ARS examination is being held by Agriculture Scientists Recruitment Board. The recruitment to scientists and Assistant professors is open to all M.Sc /M.V.Sc or allied post graduates and Ph.D holders. Ministry of Agriculture in collaboration with NABARD and other banks have launched Agri-business Agri clinic courses. They are 3 months courses on the job training to Agri-graduates free of cost. In fact all the expenses are borne by the Agri-business school. A network of such training schools have been established. We have also a dozen in J&K. There is a strong future for agri-graduates in private sector. They can set up crop, fruit nurseries or open seed sale and production centres. We have a number of successful agri-graduates earning more than Rs. 20,000/- a month in various parts of the valley. The whole agricultural and allied sector has a strong employment generation potential. We have identified 15 such agri business ventures, which can be profitable employment ventures. A great potential of employment is hidden in Nursery plants for fruits and vegetables. An investment of Rs. 30,000/- per year may give a net profit of Rs. 2 lakh per annum.

Australia also provides many jobs like in Europe and USA for Indian Agri-graduates. The respective embassies or the internet employment advertise many help Agri graduates. For Australia information can be had on www.dookie. Uniemb.ed.am/. More personal information can be had on phone 0427355721 or email saparker@uniemeb.edu.an. Likewise many websites are available around the globe and in India too. New ventures financed by banks are Agri.biotechnologies and precision farming for organic Agriculture.

Agricultural development over years has been the result of continuous agri skill generation and its popularization. The earliest agriculture was animal domestication. Over thousands of years man domesticated wild fowl, dog, goat and smaller animals, whom he could overpower easily and subjugate to his sub-ordination. Agriculture thus since beginning has been the results of trails, experiments and experiences over years, learned first though behavioral changes, psychic reoccurrences, memories passed through parents to children and later on through doing and learning and now through sharing experiences and writing them or dotting them as an Entrepreneurship concern.

Entrepreneurship concept

The Entrepreneurship adds economic profits and cost-benefit ratios to Agricultural Output. Entrepreneurship is dominated by four factors like:

a. Social changes

b. Support system availability

c. Resource base and its utilization

d. Self confidence, exploration work capacity and intellectual potency.

An entrepreneur has to have a thinking of his own, a capacity building interest in acquiring needed technique. An explorative and analytic faculties to judge the way of procuring cheap raw material. He must be equipped with “knowledge” and mindset to use and benefit out of it.

Farm Business

A potential entrepreneurship must strive from getting maximum output. Decades back agricultural development and industrial setups was a public sponsored and heavily subsidized but over time “knowledge” explosion in Indian Agriculture, have brought us on threshold of a system, where wide distances exist between industry and farm business. Where huge subsidies are benefiting Agro-Industrialists. The Farmers who use fertilizers or agro-chemical are crushed under economic pressures. The gaps between technology generated and technology use at farmers door is increasing day after day. The farm technology adoption rates are not more than 20-30% by any higher prospective.

The use of information and communication technology (I&CT) for reducing the gaps and increasing productivity is the need of the hour (Wani, 2005). The modern technology and knowledge flow is fast expanding and bringing change. It demands more educated and trained farmers. Our education system has produced more literates but not educationally trained youth to earn their own bread. They after attaining graduation in agriculture and allied sectors, beg for job. The system has to be corrected to make these graduates as employers and not employees. I wrote a treatise in 1992, emphasizing a system where our agriculture graduates should be employers not employees. Germans are smart to have Farmers school, Farmer business training institutes, practical agri-farmers training centres and like, where every farmer or animal husbandry man is essentially a trained fellow. The banking system is so organized that they are on the door of convocation hall to sell their agri-business and agri-clinics packages to graduates, without any investments. Banks are so smart, that they have surveyed the villages who need vets or agri-graduates or have attained land and all facilitation, so that agricultural or veterinary or even other medico-biological graduates are used as bank investment. This is what is envisaged in India under agri-clinic, Agribusiness venture. We have trainings not in the hands of banks but with universities. There is practically little interaction between universities or banks or employers.

Success of Agribusiness:

A poor liaison and support system between Govt. banking and University culture has made this otherwise an remunerative and lucerative programmes into a failure inspite of its personal monitoring by PMO. We visited Bandipora district and unregistered Agriclinic graduates were earning a handsome salary, more than the Rahbar-e-zerat or Agriculture Asstt. Agribusiness viz sale of pesticides, cattle feed, poultry feed and agri-extension services were common. At a small village in Papchan, one agri graduate Mr. Iqbal Shah earns Rs. 10,000/- per month by selling the services and input. At a distance of few kms in the same district one Mr. Khyatlani owns a big poultry farm and earns around Rs. 20,000/- per month. Both these entrepreneurs employ 2-3 persons at present. Similarly, the success shown by one Mr. Shah at Malangam in Agri products and pesticide sale and one Mr. Bhat in Dairy production and milk product sale earn a handsome income besides generating employment for poor. All these agricultural graduates have started their own business concerns without any bank or university help.

Farmer as Entrepreneur

Indian Farming and farmer has to change if proper WTO recommendation and GATT agreements are to be followed. The present day poultry scenario is emerging as high profile agri-business in India. The conversion of poultry farmer’s into poultry entrepreneurs shall make the present day 6% contribution of poultry products from India and China to 25% share of Global market. This when translated into action shall increase employment generation by manifolds. The introduction of rural based Vanraja, Gramapriya, Giriraja, Cari Gold and vast other locally grown varieties of poultry have adopted well to our agri-rural base. The market acceptability is higher than exotic poultry concerns. Free-rang-poultry is like BT cotton hybrid spreading through villages of India and assuring high returns and exports (wani, 2007).

Poultry as Agri-business

Dr. Gordon Butland, president of Global poultry strategies presents “Backyard poultry production” as a tool of alleviating poverty and malnutrition. We have tried to distribute “birds” under free-range system in all our KVK’s, our results were excellent and income generation was totally in favour of the Agri-business and agri-clinics.

This all will need the involvement of Agri-Veterinary and food processing technocrats to develop rural-based establishments so as to foster export and fast returns.

Holistic Vision for Livestock Enterprise

Improving income, employment and self-reliance among educated graduates and un-employed youth especially women needs fostering community development, women empowerment, environmental protection. Rural-based backyard poultry subscribes to all these norms and could be a rich resource for developing agri-entrepreneurship. Govt. of India is liberally financing such agri-business ventures. Some of the success stories in animal husbandry section can be reproduced as follows:

Backyard poultry and incubation

Though the Vanraja are the most suitable for back yard poultry, they do not have habit of broodiness. There is a problem among the farmer to get a broody hen in all season. KVK solve this problem of hatching by installing small unit of hatchery. Every month 15-20 farmers are benefited by purchasing chicks for backyard poultry. There are 200 back yard poultry units of Vanraja. Each farmer is rearing 10 to 25 in the backyard. There is a good demand and response for the chicks and eggs of Vanraja. KVKs are now planning to expand this entrepreneurship by Agri-graduates .

Semi-stall-fed Goat Rearing

KVK’s made an intervention to improve this enterprise by conducting short duration training programmes for rural youth. Similarly exposure visit were organized on goat feed, breed and health management. More emphasis was given on Osmanabadi goat and up-gradation in selected non-descript goat breed by osmanabadi pure buck and given the knowledge about semi stallfed goat rearing concept. This experience in Andra Pradesh shows a great potential for agri-graduates own business.

Broiler Production

A KVK has conducted training programmes for 165 trainees. Due to training and demonstrations awareness was increased about contract farming in broiler production with private sector which provide chicks, feed and medicine and after 40 days purchases them back. They acquired skills through learning by doing at KVK demonstration unit and earned money. The technology has been adopted by 10 percent of youths now in the radius of 20 km. There are 27 poultry units having capacity of 5000-10000 poultry birds on contract farming basis. These self employed rural youth earning Rs 10000-15000 per lot.

A seminar-cum-farmer’s meet was arranged at SKUAST-K on 26- 27th of Oct.2007. The knowledge –sharing with farmers by agricultural graduates and scientists was emphasized by His Excellency the Chancellor and Governor of J&K. A vision of poverty alleviation through backyard poultry intervention was the theme of the seminar. Many belts in Gurez, Tangdar, Tillail and Zanskar are rearing native livestock species. They are better suited and need improvement and identification. The cooking methods will need more expansion and scientific intervention for export. More emphasis has to be made on:

· Safe feed and food.

· Organic fodder and food.

· Operational excellence and modern mechanization to improve quality of indigenous enterprises.

· Local family management to farm business management and seller-buyer mode adoption.

This will need graduate farmers who are trained. Thus future farmer has to be a farmer graduate as in USA, Germany etc.

High Value Agri-business

Rapid growth rate in high value commodities in Indian agriculture promises 40% total output. The sectors assuming importance for export earnings are Fruits, milk, vegetable and poultry. Thus Agriclinic training centres should focus on these commodity oriented trainings. The sector may need more than 1 lac young agri-graduate entrepreneurs to achieve national goals and not the mere 14000 un-employed agriculture graduates.

Technological Prospective

The technological gaps between research yields and Farmers yields are wide. The technological know how over years is on shelf. Much of it has remained frozen if not dead within the fore walls of institutions. The location specific, crop and soil specific innovations to farmer’s practices are few. Our integrated & mixed farming practiced by our farmer’s, needs packages recommending mixed farming improvements which is not forth coming. Our research institutes mostly aped the experimentations on commercial farming of west with few modifications and even additions at times. Our traditional agriculture existing still in remote areas encompass the use of farm yard manure, vormiculture & use of agricultural waste materials. The present problems of low soil fertility, reduction in yields and soil salinity have arisen due to excessive use of chemical inputs in farming with little care of the soil.

This scenario resulted due to incomplete innovative approaches of research. Our researchers blindly advocated more and more use of fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides, which helped to gain grain revolutions, but left legacy of polluted water, air & environment with degraded soils. These revolutions debarred future sustenance. This was due to poor perception.

Thus immediate need is to make researchers akin with information technology and advanced communication. The rapid evolution of information science demands quick and speedy transfer of technologies, awareness & even subject reviews to farmer’s for speedy application. The productivity would be better if technological advances are adopted and their impact is known. The knowledge of computer hardware, software as well interlinking the information dissemination channels and outlets is essential. This will consume hundreds of Agri-graduates in mass media, information and communication.

Our vision

Mixed Farm University Culture:

Higher productivity gains can be achieved through application of technology and production recommendations at farmer’s fields. We have 65% small and marginal farmers whose awareness potential is low. The production system prevailing with these farmers is a mixed farming or composite farming. In contrast to USA and European agriculture our necessity is to increase “Crop –livestock-fish-plant integrated production system with multiple livelihood opportunities”. Therefore, we need our own innovative educational and training policies. A mixed agriculture University and Education set ups is our necessity. We are at present going astray to our need. Quick and fast measures and needed to unify our educational system, involving all agriculture and allied disciplines, industries, corporate sectors and farmers institution.

Higher productivity Concerns:

Indian Agricultural pride years of green revolution post 1968 saw reduction in food gain imports and subsequently white, blue and other revolutions sustained our population pressures and agriculture growth. Our agricultural growth rate (AGR) need to be equal if not more to population growth rate (PGR). Our AGR target ought to be double the PGR.

This is important as consumption rates, purchasing power and employment prospects increase. An estimated food grain of 210 million tons at present may need to be doubled in next 10 years. We have to achieve high targets of productivity by vertical expansion as horizontal land expansion is just not possible. Dr. M.S. Swaminathan has quoted figures as of 160 million tones of rice from 40m hac of land, thereby setting the productivity target of 4 t/h. Like wise production of 100 million tones of wheat from 25 million tones of wheat from 25 million hectors needs a productivity of 4t/hac. Our aim to double our per hac productivity needs more technical manpower in extension, industry and at gross root level.

The climatic disasters, earthquakes, Titanic tsunami, floods; have effected our agricultural production in the past and additional requirements needs to be kept in mind while planning food security. We need to increase per capita consumption expenditures of Rs.600 per month. We need to bridge the gaps between potential and actual yields at farmers level. The chemical farming hazards of poor soil fertility, low water availability, pollution and environmental concerns impede our agricultural development. Thus refined technology, participatory research and educational modules are needed. The new pressures of Global marketing. World trade and tariff regulations have to be accommodated. This all will need incorporation of new themes like post-harvest management, value addition, packaging, communication, credit and market information services in our course curricula. Thus a new multidimensional change in academic curriculum is envisaged, which may open new opportunities for Agricultural and allied graduates.

Quality Assurance

We feel pride in calling ourselves as the 2nd largest Agricultural Research system (ARS) in World. When we review our performance we are no where in top ten of most cited agriculture publications countries in the World. USA tops the world list with 3,62,79,842 cited publication/annum, with small country like Switzerland at No.10. The scientific out put in agriculture is highest in USA with 27 lac publication/year followed by Japan, Germany, U.K, France, Canada, Italy, Russia, China and Australia. Our contribution to Agriculture publication is 5.48% only with our share of citation at 2.32%. This demands more focus on Quality Assurance. Our prime agenda should be quality Agriultural Education. Our emphasis has to be on:

Academic quality, Accreditation; Desired knowledge, Assessment, Skill and competence building and academic audit. Quality assurance, means strengthening resources, information and maintenance of educational infrastructure. Thus we need to regulate grants and centre-state relations rationally. This will open golden opportunities to our graduate across the borders.

Employment opportunities

We have 36 state/deemed or central agricultural Universities and 20 general universalities with 48 agricultural faculties. The total disciplines needing grants may be strengthened in 5 yrs by 1 core grants to each discipline for quality assurance. We produce 10,000 under graduate 5500 post graduates and 1600 Ph.D in agriculture every years . They add to our unemployed pool. For making them self employees in new ventures and for increased employment , their competence building in Global economics and trade policies. Biotechnology, Bioinformation, Biofertilizers, pesticides and fungicides etc are to be enhanced. New faculty development in all the Universities and colleges is to be executed in coming 5 years. Such as :

Pest information and survey; Risk Management Analysis; Decision support system; Geographic information system. A new trust is to be given to course curriculum integrating field practices in a partnership mode with farmer. A teacher-student-farmer-industry, interaction and co-operation is to be developed. A new model of mechanics in Agricultural and allied curricula is to be integrated, unified and fine tuned to end results. This will demand inter and intra faculty harmony and synchronized course curricula at UG, PG and Ph.D level. This has to be fine tuned to our field requirements and location orientations and Employment opportunities will be the end result.

Asia Specific Agricultural Education:

Indian Economy is a agri-centre economy which supports 70% of our population, as direct rural employment . Forty five percent of the income generated by industries comes from Agri-based (Agro) Industries. Therefore , a vast potential and resource is hidden in it. If we think of Asia specific Agriculture, we have to play a significant role in the region which has 60% of the world population. The region is rich of energy and oil resources and millennium buzz word is open boarders and common market with first priority on peace, confidence and trust. For up-liftmen of region we need training education and human resource utilization. Therefore Agriculture educational reforms are on our door steps to harvest the gains of common economy in the SARC and total Asian region. These educational reforms should involve schools, colleges and Universities. The re-modeling of curriculum will need incorporation of new emerging era, like competitive global marketing, the climatic, disaster, technology use, restrictions, sustainability, environment, water resource conservation, remediation factors etc.

Agri-educational reforms are needed so that ICAR parallels USDA, in governing grant-in aid to whole agriculture sector. An omnibuss act of agriculture in the shape of USA farm bill of 1996 is envisioned. New educational policies so drafted shall be non-discriminative, comprehensive , transparent and accountable. They will pave a way to total employment in Asia for Agri and allied graduates.

Access to Education and Training:

Access to education and training to people below the poverty line, rural youth and women is to be ensured. This will need a total restructured education infrastructure. A three tyre model is envisioned which consists of:

1. On the job, training opportunities on farm mechanization and agriculture.

2. Training skills, up-gradation and rural orientation at University level, refinement and more innovative participatory mode at farmers field. Roaming teaching taught system on holidays and Sundays.

3. Teacher-student-farmer-industry-interaction-work and planed-self- learning by living with farmers. It will ensure quality training and job improvement of skilled manpower for use in Asian Agri development Market. The utilization of Rehbar-e-Zerat in this paid Agri-services to farmers shall provide them job and money.

Informal-flexible Agriculture Information Services

A flexible curriculum models which should have many options at B.Sc level like:

1. Natural science

2. Agri Science

- Production system

- Agri-business

- Social science

3. International Agriculture

4. Natural Resources

5. Agri-business management

6. Biological engineering

7. Dietetrics

8. Landscape Architecture

These inclusions at B.Sc or Post graduate level shall help in graduate employment.

Export Orientation in Agri-education & employment:

In the present era of bio-safety, phyto and zoo sanitation have assumed tremendous importance. Education and knowledge was safe and secure treasure in the past. It is no more true. The export needs knowledge and new inventions need patenting. Web and web designing have made invisible teachers to unknown students. The students-teacher relationship has raised to spiritual horizons. New targets for future educational planning and policies need to have more information and communication technology. Therefore courses on I&C with computer applications is must. These have been strengthened in the SAU and ICAR institutions in the last few years. However a total connectivity is needed with farmers, farm organizations and utilization departments to harvest the gains of technological reforms to increase our exports. Inspite of ranking I in milk production our exports are meager. This is because of poor –zoo-sanitation and Global lobiest are critical of our disease free status. Therefore, policies and programmes in Agri-export orientation and the training to our agri-vet. And allied graduates is a must. Training of these graduates in management, mass media, export-import ventures, industry and related agrobased ventures like sales of fertilizers, pesticides, seeds etc is needed.

References

Bishnapada, Sehthi, 2007. Backyard Poultry in Orissa. Orissa Review, January, 2007. pp 48-52.

Dipak De, 2004. Workshop Background and recommendations In communication support for sustaining extension services edited Dipak De, Jirli,B and Ghadi,K. Deptt. of Extension Education, Institute of Agric. Sci, BHU, Varanasi.

Dobrowski, Z.T.2000.The necessity of changes in the methodology of development and implementation of integrated pest management.Pre-conference Symposium – Progress in Plant Protection, held at Nowoursynowska, Poland, 40(1): 334 -342.

Frewer, L.J; Howard, C and Shepherd R. 1998. The influence of initial attitudes on responses to communication about genetic engineering in food production. Agriculture & Human values. 15(1):15-30.

Hardman, PA; Darroch, MAG; Ortmann, GF; Trienekens, JH, and Omta, SWF,2002. Improving co-operation to make South African fresh apple export value chain more competitive.Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Chain and network management in agribusiness and food industry. Noordwifk, Netherlands 6-8 June, 2002 PP 434-443.

Jacques Diouf 1998,Director General, FOAReport on World Food Day, 26th Oct, 1998 Rome.

Luttichen, R.E; Robert, P.C; Rust,R.H and Larson, W.E.2000. Development of an internet based communication and information network to progress the implementation of precision agriculture.Proc. 5th int. conf. on Perecision Agriculture, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA, 16-19 July,2000. Publ. 2001 CD. Page 1-14.

Report of the Quinquennial, Review team for KVK Zone V, AP & Maharastra, September,,2001, Edited Wani, G.M, C.M.Singh. Gogoi, DK; Sandhu and Suilac C,9th September,2001, Hyderabad.

Sher-Muhammad; Garforth, C, and Kausar Almas, 2001. Adoption of recommended agricultural technologies by farmers as an indicator of effective communication by extension field staff.International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 3(1):13-15. b

Sidiqui, M.A.A, 2004. Plant Resource Management for Entrepreneurship Development. Agri-Clinics and Agri-Business, Deptt. of Extension Education, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar- J&K.

Sutton, A.L; Ong. H.K; Zulkifli, I; Tee, TP and Liang, JB. 2002.The role of Education and Technology Transfer in Livestock Waste Management. Proc. 4th Int. Livestock Waste Management symposium 19-23 May,2002, PP 281-288. Published Malaysian Society of Animal Production, Selangor, Malaysia.

Wani, 2004. Role of communication in enhancing agricultural production – a Vision . In Communication support for sustaining extension services edited. Dipak De, Jirli, B and Ghadi,K. Deptt. of Extension Education, BHU, Varanasi, PP 1-26.

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Author: G M Wani

Political Economy of India’s Special Economic Zones: a Conceptual Frame Work

2009-03-29T21:10:00.000-07:00

Every country stands for its own development. For this purpose the state introduces and implements new policies and programmes such as Special Economic Zones Act. After 60 years of its independence India with its 110 core population has evolved a new paradigm of its political economy which is confusing. The policies and programmes initiated by Indian government to create a ‘global village’ based on free market economy and free trade among nations cutting across all barriers, abolition of national boundaries and dismantling the nation –state system giving priority to ‘market’ over the ‘state’ . After the enactment of Special Economic Zone Act 2005, it created tremendous effects on political economy of the country.

The term ‘political economy’ came from the two Greek words ‘Politiko’ and ‘Oikonomia, where ‘Politiko’ stands for the state and society and ‘Oikonomia’means managing the house hold economy. Political economy thus means a study of the state, society and house hold economy. The concept of political economy arose historically as the economic doctrine of a new class – the capitalist class. It has been evolved since the days of Aristotle who gave a model of public good through guaranteeing each person private possession of what he was rationally and morally entitled. Private property was elaborated later by Locke, Adam Smith, Ricardo and the physiocrates, who came to be known as the Laissez Fairists in Economics, or, the liberal democrats in politics. Adam Smith referred to political economy as a branch of the system of civil government. It was concerned with public policy.

In Marxian view, political economy can be regarded as a subject which studies the social relations evolves between different classes of people in course of production, distribution, exchange and consumption. Political economy belongs to the broad land of economics, which opens on to political science. After a prolonged period of hibernation, the subject has again been resurrected.

Marxist political economy makes a study of how the productive forces are used under the given relations of production taking account of the lines and trends in technical progress; political economy studies the influence of production relations on such progress and its socio economic consequences. Marxist political economy starts from the assumption that human vital activity is objectively based on social material production which includes man’s interactions with the nature and whole range of relations which arise in the process. It has been realized that every political action has its obvious economic repercussion, and every economic action has had its political implications.

The liberal school of political economy offers economic implications of political facts and factors. The liberal school has economized politics. The liberal system focuses on the atomistic individual as the relevant unit, on the description of economic behavior in terms of subject choices among alternatives, on the notion of social welfare as the maximizations of individual utility sums. The socialist system views the entire economic system as the basic unit, views economic progress in terms of the growth of the forces of production and focuses on ‘relations of production’ ‘surplus value’ and the rapid increase of social product.

By contrast the Gandhian system eschews both the notions of the atomistic autonomous individual maximizing his utility in a self regulating economy and the notion of processes of production autonomously effecting changes in the organization of production ,class relationship and the magnitude and distribution of social product instead of the Gandhian model suggest that the fundamental attribute of human economic behaviour lies in the relationship of individual to socioeconomic micro groups and the relationship of micro groups to society .The basic economic act is neither the choice between economic alternatives nor the social division of natural products, but the adjustment between individual and the micro groups to which they belong, and of those micro groups to society .It is this collaboration which is the basic theme of the Gandhian system of political economy.

The Gandhian system is viewed in micro groups that are fundamental constituents of the economic system and given full scope to develop their potential in the context of no coercive forms of political control. Social welfare is defined in terms of the functioning of the collaborative micro groups vis –a-vis its members. Gandhi believed that the introduction of technology and patterns of development must be consistent with the full employment objective.

Today economist speaks of sustainable development and ecological values. Gandhi was not against industry but as he predicted it could not give people more employment. His constructive programmes were to give employment to all people whether it be kadhi, gobar gas or tree plantations, where all can be engaged in constructive work. Gandhian economics is an alternative to overcome the exploitation of both capitalism and communism for the exponents of human social order.He was against the large scale use of machinery which kept millions without work. Swadeshi is one of the core elements in the socio-economic organisation of Gandhian system.

Gandhi observes

“Life here will not be a pyramid with the apex sustained by the bottom, but it will be an oceanic circle whose centre will be the individual, always ready to perish for the village, the latter ready to perish for the circle of the villages, till at last the whole becomes one life composed of individual, never aggressive in their arrogance, but ever humble sharing the majesty of the oceanic circle of which they are integral units’. The idea of the circle stands for integrating, fullness and self-sufficiency. He wrote that independence must begin at the bottom. Thus every village will be a republic or Panchayat having full powers. It follows therefore, that every village has to be self sustained and capable of managing its affairs even to the extent of defending itself against the whole world.”

Politics and economy are considered as two basic factors in determining the nature of the state and society. They are interrelated to such an extent that the changes in one affect the other, and hence both are ‘dynamic’ and ‘flexible’ ingredients of the national and the international systems. Politics and economy taken together as political economy refers to ‘managing the economy of the state’. Conceptually political economy connotes the relationship between the state, society and the economy, the cause–effect relationship between technological change and the process of development, the economic relations among the different nations of the world.

DEFINITION OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE

A special economic zones is a geographical region that has economic; laws more liberal than a countries typical economic laws. According to the SEZ Act 2005, A SEZ is a ‘specially delineated duty free enclave and shall be deemed to be foreign territory for the purpose of trade operations and duties and tariffs. A SEZ also been viewed as “a geographical region with different economic laws than a countries typical economic laws with the main goal of attracting foreign investment’. “A SEZ or a Free Trade Zone (FTZ) is typically an enclave of units operating in a well –defined area within the geographical boundary of a country where certain economic activities are promoted by a set of policy measures that are generally not applicable to the rest of the country”.

The concept of special economic zones is not new. In an International Labour Organization (ILO) report traces the roots of the concept to 13th centaury Spain and in more recent times to Ireland and Puerto Rico, which established Export Processing Zones (EPZ). Export Processing Zones is the former name of the Special Economic Zones. The countries like China, United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, India, Jordan, Philippines and Russia have utilized the concept of SEZ. In 1986, there were 176 zones across 47 countries. Now the number has increased to over 5000 across 147 countries.

The zones are known by different names in different parts of the world. Most often these are Free Trade Zones (FTZ),Industrial Free Zones (IFS) Export Processing Zones (EPZ) Bonded Free Zones and Special Economic Zones (SEZ).

Export Processing Zone is the ancestor of SEZ. An Export Processing Zone is relatively small geographically spread area within a country. The purpose of which is to attract export oriented industries, by offering them especially favorable investment and trade conditions as compared with the reminder of the host country. The EPZ is just an industrial enclave but SEZ is an integrated township with fully developed infrastructure. The UN Industrial Development Organization (UNID) identifies five basic attributes of EPZ s are:

? EPZs are dominated by market mechanisms.

? EPZ are restricted to a limited region.

? EPZs specialize in the production of exports goods and offer special incentives for such production.

? Their major aims are to attract foreign investments, earn foreign exchange and to generate employment

? Secondary aims are technology transfer, development linkages and regional development .

Policies taken by the governments for the development of the nation obviously affect the people. SEZ policies are for the development of the country. These Developmental projects have economic, political and social impact. In Gandhian political economy, village level development is needed. Land needed for the establishment of the SEZs projects also affected the political economy of the country. Tax incentives, Foreign Direct Investment, New type of employment generation also affect the political economy of the country. The macro economic changes driven by SEZs will push the countries down the path of increasing socio-political crisis.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF INDIA’S SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES

India became independent in 1947 and chose self- sufficiency along with economic autonomy. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 marked the beginning of the evolution of the Indian Industrial policy. The Resolution not only defined the broad contours of the policy. But it delineated the role authority of the state in industrial development both as an entrepreneur and as an authority

The industrial policy Resolution of 1956 gave the public sector a strategic role in the economy. It categorized industries, which would be the exclusive responsibility of the state or would progressively come under state control and others. Earmarking the pre-eminent position of the public sector, it envisaged private sector coexisting with the state and thus attempted to give the policy framework flexibility. India opted for a planned economy with emphasis on state sponsored industrialization. The argument was that capital being scare in India, it was essential to regulate the flow of the available capital in to socially desirable channels. This was achieved by an elaborate system of industrial licensing and state monopoly and control over key industries.

More than 80% of the Indian population is still living in agricultural field. Agri-centered model of development was prevalent during the 1950sand the 60s. Agriculture contributes approximately one-fifth of total gross domestic product (GDP). It provides the means of livelihood to about two-thirds of the country’s population. The Sector provides employment to 59 percent of the countries workforce and is the single largest private sector occupation. Agriculture accounts for about 10 percent of the total export earnings and provides raw material to a large number of industries.

During the Jawaharlal Nehru’s period, foreign collaborations were promoted in certain sectors and foreign investment was encouraged. First Export Processing Zone (EPZ) was set up in 1965 at Kandla, in Gujarat. This was a predecessor of the Special Economic Zone in India. The Santa Cruz EPZ in Mumbai became operational in 1973.

After the death of Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi became the prime Minister of India in 1966. She also did a lot for the economic development of the country. The Foreign Investment Board was set up in 1968. In 1973, Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) was enacted.. India set up the Santa Cruz Electronics Export Processing Zone (SEEPZ) between1973-74. It was the first EPZ which was dedicated to the electronic industry.

Doors of the Indian economy were opened during the 1980s, by Indira Gandhi and later by Rajiv Gandhi. From 1984 to 1989, the policy was to enable the middle class to consume more so as to raise the internal demand. This resulted in the raise of imports and the growth of Foreign Direct Investment. The government tried to raise the level of exports in order to balance this phenomenon. In 1984, the Free Zone policy received a fresh start. By 1991, the Indian economy was opened up for linking up the Indian market with the world leading to free flow of trade and commerce .The multilateral Financial Institutions like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund while assisting the developing countries like India also insisted upon restructuring the polity and the administrative machinery. Following a change in the policy regime in this period and the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) with India becoming its founder member, it opted for a liberalized capitalist strategy. There had been introducing policies since July 1991 particularly in the industrial sector.

De-reservation of industries for the public sector was one of the major step taken by the government as part of the policy changes in the industrial sector. It was against the earlier 17 industries were reserved, there are now industries like defense production, atomic energy, coal and lignite, railways and mineral oils reserved for the public sector. Core industries like iron and steel, electricity, air transport, shipbuilding, and heavy machinery industries such as heavy electrical plants telecommunication cables and instruments are now open to private sector participation. Besides, equities held by the government in selected public sector enterprises like ONGC etc are now available to mutual funds, financial institutions, the general public and workers through a policy of divestment

In1998, the first private SEZ started its operations in Surat .This was under the jurisdiction of the Mumbai (SEEPZ)Development Commissioner, who was a nominee of the central Government.

From the beginning of the 21st century, most of the developing countries in the world have recognized the importance of facilitating international trade for the sustained growth of the economy and increased contribution to the GDP of the nation. As part of its continuing commitment to liberalisation, the Government of India has also adopted a multi-pronged approach to promote foreign investment in India. The Government of India has pushed ahead with second-generation reforms and has made several policy changes to achieve this objective. The annual growth rate ranged between six and nine percent.

Bharathiya Janatha Party (BJP) government decided to re-launch the Free Trade Zone Policy in 2000. It changed the name of Export Processing Zone (EPZ) to Special Economic Zone (SEZ). The policy intended to make SEZs an engine for economic growth supported by quality infrastructure complemented by an attractive fiscal package both at the Centre and the State level with the minimum possible regulations.

The salient features of the SEZ scheme are:

v No licenses required for import

v Manufacturing or service activities allowed.

v SEZ units to be positive net foreign exchange earner within three years.

v Domestic sales subject to full customs duty and import policy in force.

v Full freedom for sub contracting.

v No routine examination by customs authorities of export/import cargo.

The United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government Currently in power enacted Special Economic Zone Act, 2005 which was passed in June 2005 and came into force on 10th February 2006 with the notification of the SEZ Rule in 2006. The Act provides for drastic simplification of rules and single window clearance on matters relating to the union and state governments .The state governments have also been enacted their own SEZ laws to cover State subjects.

The Act provides for single window clearance mechanisms for developers and operators for ensuring orderly development of SEZs, the responsibility is assigned to the Board of Approval, constituted by the union Government. The Union Government may set up a SEZ on its own or on the basis of proposals of the state government or private developers after the Board of Approval has duly screened them .At the regional level, the Development Commissioner and his /her office will exercise administrative control of SEZs. The Labor Commissioner’s power is also delegated to the Development Commissioner. There is an approval committee to approve /reject /modify proposals for setting up units in SEZs. All suits of civil nature and notified offences in SEZs will be tried and settled by specially notified courts and affected parties may appeal to high courts against the orders of the designated courts. The corporate units operating under SEZs will enjoy special privileges and protection granted by law.

The Act offers a special fiscal package to the units set up in the SEZs. This package includes, exemption from customs duties, central excise duties, service tax, central sales taxes, and securities transaction tax to both the developer and the units set-up, tax holiday for 15 years like 100 percent tax exemption for five years ,50 percent for next five years, and 50 percent for the ploughed back export profits for the next five years.100percent income tax exemption for 10 years in a block of 15 years for SEZ developers.

There is a three-tier administrative structure. On the top, a Board of Approval at the level of the Union Government has been set up for the functioning of the SEZs. Next an authority has been created by the state governments for creation and promotion of the infrastructure within each state. Finally, in SEZ mechanism /authority is provided for single window approval. According to the 2005 Act, these zones can be set up by the developers, who could be private real persons, companies, both Indian and foreign, as also the State governments or the central government by themselves or jointly with private parties. It is also being envisaged that some of the existing Export Processing Zones would be converted into Special Economic Zones. The SEZ Act, 2005 supported by SEZ Rules, has come in to effect on 10th February 2006.

THREE CATEGORIES OF SEZ

In India SEZs are divided in to three categories, Multi-product SEZs Sector specific SEZs, Free Trade and Ware housing Zone (FTWZ). The first category signifies a SEZ where units may be set up for manufacture/rendering of services of two or more goods in a sector or good/services falling in two or more sectors. For multi-product service SEZ, a contiguous area of 100 hectares or more is required.

The second category defined as a zone meant exclusively for one or more product/services. The minimum area requirement is 100 hectors of contiguous and vacant land. Within sector specific SEZs, Bio-technology, Gems and Jewellery, Non conventional energy, electronics, hardware and software SEZ-including IT can be set up with minimum area has been relaxed to 50 hectares for Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland and, Arunachalpradesh, Uttaranchal, Sikkim, J&K, Goa and the Union Territories.

Free trade and warehousing zone (FTWZ) is the third category which minimum area requirement is 40 hectares of contiguous and vacant land. Built up area should not be less than 10 hectares.

There are 19 functional SEZs in the country which were set up prior to SEZ Act, and 154 SEZs that were notified under SEZ Act 2005. The maximum numbers of SEZs are coming up in the IT sectorThe total land requirement for the formal approvals granted till date is approximately 44,268 hectares. Out of this, about 87 approvals are for State Industrial Development Corporations (SIDCs) State Government ventures which account for over 21,169hectares

ISSUES RELATING SEZs IN INDIA

One of the main issue is related with SEZ is locating land for SEZs. Many state governments are in the process of establishing SEZs. The issue of displacement, that of compensation or land price, rehabilitation, residential property development and land speculation, the threat of possible relocation of units from other parts of the state to SEZs and the consequent loss of revenue have been flagged . Farmers are protesting against the forced acquisition of their lands. The development of SEZs would lead to the destruction of employment of peasants whose land will be acquired and will create very little employment for high tech or high skilled persons and total net employment generated may well be negative. Handing over thousands of hectares of land cheaply to promoters of industry and relaxing the laws of the land, including those that relate to the welfare of the industrial workers, protection of the environment, taxation, etc, would automatically promote industrialization and solve the nagging unemployment problem of the country overnight. The farmers/peasants in various states such as West Bengal, Orissa, Maharastra, and Punjab have opposed acquisition of their land for SEZs. The highest level of opposition has been observed in West Bengal when land was acquired by the state government for the Tata group at Singur and Salim group of Indonesia at Nandigram. Besides the loss of agriculture land, concerns have also been raised about the project affected People.

Using water for SEZs is one of the major problems rising from different parts of the country. Mundra SEZ as per official website of the SEZ, it expects to get at least 6 million liters per day from the Sardar sarovar project, as promised by Gujarat water infrastructure Ltd.

The another main issue is rising from different parts of the country, the labour laws applicable to the rest of the country have been relaxed for the SEZs. The existing laws are well intentioned and they promote worker welfare. Relaxing such laws exclusively for the SEZs shows the government’s lack of conviction in its own commitment to social justice.

In some SEZs, the state governments are joint venture partners. In the case of some, special incentives by way of concessional electricity and water tariffs have been offered .In almost all the cases, valuable lands have been given away at concessional prices.

Considering the SEZ Act, it violates the letter and spirit of the Indian Constitution; it infringes the Fundamental Rights of the citizen guaranteed in part 3rd of the Constitution. Relaxation /inapplicability of many labour Laws (including under the Industrial Dispute Act, Contract Labour Act, Factories Act, Minimum wages Act, Trade Union Act), Environment (Protection) Act is inapplicable to SEZs ,No environmental clearance needed. Violates Panchayat Raj Act (1996) for local self government, violating laws granting rights and control to adivasi communities over their land, violating many international conventions on human rights.

To sum up, SEZs and other emerging developmental issues can be seen in a broad perspective and theoretical underpinnings of neo-liberalism. As far as Indian polity is considered the implications emerging from SEZs may cause increasing socio-political crisis because the society is far more complex than we assumed and that will result in organized or unorganized resistance and that may even cause anti-neo liberal political forces. So, in order to avoid the polarization of the society, civil society should engage to create a consensus on developmental issues. More over, in order to understand the continuities and changes that are taking place in the developmental scenario it needs further study.

Endnotes

Bijoiny Mohanthy and S.C Hazary(Ed), Political Economy of India Retrospect and Prospects (New Delhi: APH Publ).

S.C Hazary, Political Economy of India Retrospect and Prospects, ( New Delhi: APH Publi,1997.)

Sukhendu Mazumder, Politico-Economic Ideas of Mahatma Gandhi (New Delhi: Concept Publishing House, 2004.).

B.Mohanan,(Ed), Gandhis Legacy and New Human Civilisation, Gyam publishing house, New Delhi,1999.

Vineetha Sharma, ‘Implications Of A Special Economic Zone on Project Affected People a case study of Reliance Haryana SEZ”, Man & Development, Vol.39,Dec,2007.

Jermy Grasset and Frederic Landy, ‘Special Economic Zones in India Between International integration and Real Estate Speculation’, Man &Development, Vol. 39,No.4, Dec, 2007.

India 2008, A Reference Annual, Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting , Govt:of India, New Delhi,2008.

Partha Mukhopadhyay, “The promised land of SEZs” Seminar, Jan, 2008

Sheetal Sharma and Kishan Pratap, “ The Prosperous Few and the Pauperized Many: A Perspective on Special Economic Zones”, Mainstream, February,23-March,1,2007.

About the Author:

Jipson V. Paul

MA. Politics and International Relations from M G.University Kerala

MPhil. Politics and Intrrnational Relations from M G University Kerala

Doing PhD in Pondichery Cental University Puducherry.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/politics-articles/political-economy-of-indias-special-economic-zones-a-conceptual-frame-work-762527.html

Author: jipson v.paul

Tea Taster: How to Become a Tea Taster?

2009-03-29T21:09:00.000-07:00

TEA TASTER: How to Become a Tea Taster?

Who is a tea taster?

Tea taster is a specialized professional in the tea industry. The job of a tea taster is one among the most gifted careers in the world today. Tea tasting is totally an art, but needs the support of science to upgrade it to a career in the modern tea industry.

Keep taste buds alive.

The tea taster needs to have his or her taste buds alive to understand and differentiate the contents of taste giving alkaloids in the tea samples. His olfactory nerves should active to identify the kind of fragrances that are released by the tea samples in question.

Tea plantation knowledge is essential.

In order to become a tea taster, one should primarily know about the cultivation and manufacturing processes in a tea plantation. He should know all about tea kinds, varieties, and grades and again the characters of the resulting liquors. He should sacrifice certain habits and abstain from smoking, alcohol, tasting strong spicy foods.

Be a lover of Mother Nature.

To learn about all these things, the youth should preferably be a graduate in agriculture, horticulture, biology, home science or interested in food technology. A good tea taster can earn remuneration equal to that of a software engineer, besides a great chance to live in the ambiance of Mother Nature.

Tea is a permanent beverage.

You know among all the beverages, tea is an everlasting one as it has a history of its own for a very many years. This should tell about the permanence of the industry and the tea taster’s job and career too. Tea tasting is a brilliant and fascinating career in the plantation and as well as in the tea trade at an international panorama.

Learn from the tea book: TEA TASTER.

Besides the knowledge of tea cultivation and processing, to gain a perfect knowledge on this tea tasting one should go for a tea book that gives ‘scientific tea testing, tasting and blending techniques”. One should read and enjoy the tea manual with full of illustrations, so that he can apply the techniques when taking up the job of a tea taster.

Traditional tea taster is based by experience.

The tea taster is said to gain knowledge by sipping and tasting a number of cups of raw tea made out of tea samples. "Tea Taster," using a special and exact spoon, sucks the tea with a sound. This slurping sound is caused by the tea being taken into the mouth at the exact speed of 125 miles per hour. At this speed, the tea explodes at the back of the palate, forming minute mist particles. These particles help the tea taster to tell a story about the tea in volumes. The tea is then expectorated into a pan and the tea taster turns to begin with another cup of tea.

This kind of tasting by the tongue, teeth, gum and inner parts of his buccal cavity without reference to a standard about taste can not construe to a good analysis. This is out of date secret and an art with errors. Errors in art are viewed as spill over of skills. But the truth is that that will end in a tasteless tea.

Modern tea taster is based on scientific methodology.

He has a sound fool proof methodology to identify good teas rich in color, taste and flavor. He has standard reference to compare and fix the color and taste categories and say some thing concrete about the fragrances also. Science will give constant results when the experiments are repeated. This assures a flawless performance at the end.

He combines the goodness of traditional tea tasting with the modern truthful scientific methods. He is capable of confirming the degree of qualitative and functional characters of select teas. This enables him to find their percentage or proportional utility in making desired blending combinations. This is to satisfy the need of every section of the society to enhance the harmony of mankind.

Be calm and active!

Now the tea can bring the briskness to the body and mind on demand. Another tea will make you calm and peaceful and bring solace to the wandering mind. It can create an inner calmness and outer activity which is usually brought about by meditation. Thus the tea taster has a duty to fulfill the expectations by innovations.

The author, Pnk Guru is a Tea Scientist and a Business Strategist requests the pleasure of tea industry to acquire a newer scientific knowledge on tea.

Buy TEA TASTER: the first book on scientific tea testing tasting and blending:

http://www.lulu.com/content/3615134

About the Author:

The author, Pnk Guru is a Tea Scientist and a Business Strategist requests the pleasure of tea industry to acquire a newer scientific knowledge on tea.

Buy TEA TASTER: The first book on scientific tea testing tasting and blending

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/tea-articles/tea-taster-how-to-become-a-tea-taster-544058.html

Author: pnkguru

Available Forms of Wildlife Photography

2009-03-29T21:08:00.000-07:00

Ever thought of taking up wildlife photography? You don’t have to travel to Africa, Asia or South America to get beautiful wildlife pictures. You will find that even your current surroundings already have some form of wildlife and by the way am not talking about your cat or dog. There are Zoo’s in your surrounding area where you get to view all varieties of animals that you can see and take photos off. But I am sure the fact that they are locked up and just sitting there is really getting you down and probably you now want to take a trip to some exotic country that offers chances for to be able to get wildlife photographs.

This is not the only option you have; there are several forms of wildlife that you see all the time. Such as birds and insects which can be of great interest to you if you are into wildlife photography. You can also travel to other states where you can find bears and moose which are Americas number one tourist attractions.

However if you are still insistent on traveling to another country then you should try Africa where you will get to see a lot more wildlife than you could in your zoo and this animals will be more exciting because they are in their natural habitat. If After all this you are not still satisfied, you can move on to taking photographs of urban and metro buildings, not before you have also tried taking photos of flowers and local plantation.

About the Author:

Peter Gitundu Researches And Reports On Photography. For More Information On Wildlife Photography, Visit His Site At WILDLIFE PHOTOGRAPHY

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/digital-photography-articles/available-forms-of-wildlife-photography-601544.html

Author: Peter Gitundu

Best It Company In Kolkata

2009-03-29T21:06:00.000-07:00

Innovation system is the best IT Company in Kolkata. Innovation system is a leading solution provider for Hardware, Software and Networking services. Established in the year 2003, the company has been promoted by some very highly skilled, experiences and professional peoples dedicated to provide total IT solutions under one roof. Innovation system provides high quality software services for global customers with a focus on customer software development, maintenance and testing. There is little doubt in declaring Innovation system as the best Software Development Company in Kolkata. The company is recognized for high effectiveness of production process, excellence of customer relationship and communication as well as high flexibility in resource allocation.

Innovation system’s IT service has been carefully crafted with the end customer satisfaction in mind. Innovation System works out to be the best IT Company in Kolkata.

Innovation system has no competition in kolkata when it comes to providing ‘A Total Turnkey Solution’ in the field of Website Development. Its package of service includes Web development, Web Designing, E-commerce Solutions, Search Engine Optimization, Content Management System, Graphic Design and Animation. If any company is looking for a solution provider in Website development & launching, they can approach the best Web Development Company of Kolkata. When it comes to web development they specialize in doing the analysis of your requirement, specification building, web designing, content writing, coding, testing, promotion and maintenance.

Location of Innovation System Company is very good. It is located at centre of the city. It is accessible to any part of Kolkata as it is located at perfect place. Lots of plantations are there which enrich the environment.
Innovation System believes in teamwork. With every new day the quest for acquiring new competencies continues. Forever searching, experimenting, innovating, learning, moving ahead with sincere efforts and dedication, and challenging our competencies to create new opportunities, is a never ending process is the company.

Innovation System will emerge as the leading software solution provider in the field of Software Development & Web Development services by pursuing latest trends in technology and through quality drives approaches.

About the Author:

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/information-technology-articles/best-it-company-in-kolkata-807521.html

Author: Ritu

Scarlet O'Hara - One of Madame Alexander's First Collectible Dolls

2009-03-25T00:16:00.000-07:00

Madame Alexander was an American entrepreneur. She created the first “collectible” dolls based on a licensed character, Scarlett O’Hara, from the book and movie “Gone with the Wind.”

Scarlett O’Hara grew up on a Georgia plantation of Tara in the years before the American Civil War. She was 16 years old at the outbreak of the Civil War.

Scarlett’s character was one of a selfish, shrewd, vain and strong willed young woman. However, Scarlett desired to please her well-bred, gentle French American mother, Ellen Robillard, who was from a good Savannah, Georgia family.

Scarlett had two younger sisters, lazy and whiny Suellen and the gentle and kind Carreen. Scarlett falls madly in love with Ashley Wilkes, who is her aristocratic neighbor. Ashley announced his engagement to a meek and mild-mannered Melanie Hamilton. Scarlett is furious and marries Melanie’s brother, Charles out of spite. Scarlett’s new husband, Charles dies early in the war, and Tara falls into the hands of the Yankees.

Scarlett is faced with many hardships. Even though she was spoiled, selfish and shrewd, she shouldered the troubles of her family and friends. She did not grieve the loss of her first husband, Charles. She married her sister’s beau, Frank Kennedy just to get funds to pay the taxes on and save her family’s beloved home during the war.

Scarlett’s character evolved into a woman who is capable of incredible, unforeseen fortitude when she is cornered and in times of crises that is shown in her resourceful nature and her devotion to her family during the most violent time in American history.

She was willing to step on anyone who did not have her family’s best interests at heart, which also included her own sister. Regardless of how despicable Scarlett’s actions were, they were also very refreshing, and in the end turned out to be the right thing to do to save the family. Scarlett had very good reason to feel that her sister, who was every bit as selfish as she was, but without the complete devotion to the family home, would marry for money and turn her back on the only thing that really mattered, at least in the heart of Scarlett. Scarlett just had no other choice but to steal her sister’s beau, Frank Kennedy, and use the money for what was the best interest for the entire family, which was to keep Tara. She knew her sister would not do the same, because she lacked the family devotion Scarlett had.

Scarlett O’Hara was one of the most richly developed female characters of the time on film and in literature. She challenged the prescribed “women’s roles” of her time over and over again, which made her a modern woman long before feminism was ever born. As a result, she was very much disliked by the people of Atlanta, Georgia.

Scarlett had an ongoing internal conflict about her feelings for her beloved Ashley, Ashley, darling, and her attraction to the sardonic, opportunistic Rhett Butler, who seemed to know her better than anyone actually, and who eventually became her third husband.

Searching for the Right Scarlett O’Hara

The search for an actress to play Scarlett in the film version of the novel drew some of the biggest names in the history of cinema. Bette Davis was eliminated from possible prospects because of her casting as a Southern belle in Jezebel in 1937. Katharine Hepburn wanted the part and demanded an appointment with producer David O. Selznick, and is quoted as saying: “I am Scarlett O’Hara! The role is practically written for me.” Jean Arthur and Lucille Ball were also considered. I personally think Katharine Hepburn was probably runner up, but Lucille Ball, I could never imagine playing the part of Scarlett O’Hara. Lucy was just not the type in my opinion to ever be convincingly selfish or as intelligent as the character role demanded the actress to be. Lucy always had that big-eyed dumb and naive kind of look in my opinion.

Other big stars of the time that were considered for the part included:

• Susan Hayward

• Lana Turner

• Joan Bennett

• Paulette Goddard

Scarlett O’Hara is Chosen

The young English actress, Vivien Leigh, was virtually unknown in America. Her agent happened to be the London representative of the Myron Selznick talent agency, headed by David Selznick’s brother, a co-owner of Selznick International Pictures.

Vivien Leigh asked her agent to put her name into consideration. David Selznick watched both the movies Vivien Leigh was in at the time, which was “Fire Over England,” and “A Yank at Oxford.” Apparently David Selznick liked Vivien Leigh because she had the inside track for the role of Scarlett from that time on. Selznick started confidential negotiations with Leigh’s agent to contract for her services later that year. Leigh was told she did not need to screen test for the role because Selznick was interested and had viewed her most recent movies.

In a letter to Selznick’s wife two days later, he admitted Leigh was “the Scarlett dark horse,” then after a series of screen tests, her casting was announced on January 13, 1939. The public protested that the role was too “American” for an English actress. In spite of the public protest, Leigh was cast, and she won an Academy Award for her performance. I just love that kind of outcome!

Although Scarlett’s most enduring charm for women was her proto-feminism and strength, she apparently did have need of a man to be happy. She was married three times! No matter what she went through, she seemed to still be sad about the loss of her dear, sweet, Ashley, Ashley. On the other hand, however, all of her marriages had some kind of ulterior motive that may have not been an actual “need for a man,” but rather what the man could do for her at the moment, which was her innate selfish character to begin with. The Hamilton marriage was to upset and startle those around her. The marriages to Kennedy and Butler were for financial security and betterment in the times of her life when she could not fend for herself. Scarlett is by far the most developed character in “Gone with the Wind,” and stands out because she is strong and saves her family, but at the same time, is also incredibly selfish and petty. Scarlett O’Hara was also an incredibly beautiful woman who had the heads of every man turning in her direction the moment she entered the room.

She did not portray a typical female during the civil war. She ran a store, and two lumber mills. She survived the war, several marriages, the birth of children and a miscarriage. It is no wonder Scarlett described Melanie as being measly and who would have poor little children just like her when she married her beloved Ashley. Melanie had fragile health and a shy nature. Scarlett certainly demonstrated a female with much deeper characteristics. She also lived a very complicated life during a difficult period of history. You would think Ashley would have chosen Scarlett over Melanie. In the end, I believe it was much more Melanie’s character that portrayed the actual “need for a man,” which is probably why Ashley did choose her. Scarlett did not need Ashley, but Melanie did.

I love Scarlett’s lines from “Gone with the Wind,” like “Fiddle-dee-dee!” and “Tomorrow is another day,” “Great balls of fire!” and “I’ll never be hungry again!” Those lines tell me Scarlett was very optimistic and full of spunk, which I personally think Katherine Hepburn could have done just as well, but not as “fabulous” as Miss Leigh!

Now whenever you think of Madame Alexander, you can remember that she was also an incredible artist as was Vivien Leigh, who left some extraordinary beautiful works of doll art to entertain us. Madame Alexander created the first “collectible” dolls based on a licensed character, Scarlett O’Hara, from the book and movie “Gone with the Wind.”

And For everyone who loved Scarlett O”Hara and “Gone with the Wind,” we all must now have a Scarlett O’Hara Madame Alexander doll in mint condition in the box!

Disclaimer: Vintage Doll Collecting is not associated with the Madame Alexander Company. This article is for educational purposes only. We do not promote or sell the Madame Alexander Dolls or any other collector doll on our web site. Our website and this article is designed to help the collector learn more about Vintage Dolls and how to start collecting and maintaining Vintage Doll collections of all kinds.

This article is FREE to publish with the resource box.

Written by: Connie Limon. For more information about starting and maintaining a Vintage Doll Collection visit http://smalldogs2.com/VintageDollCollecting For a variety of FREE reprint articles as well as special sections in U.S. History and the Kennedy Administration visit http://www.camelotarticles.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Connie_Limon

By Connie Limon

Basic Pattern Making In The Hobby Foundry

2009-03-25T00:15:00.000-07:00

Success or otherwise in your hobby foundry will depend to a large degree on your skills & ability to create simple patterns, i.e.
Patterns that are easy to mould, lift or separate from the sand
mould after a gentle rap.

A pattern that has incorrect draft on vertical surfaces, badly finished corner fillets, or a pattern that has not been finished to an ultra smooth finish will be difficult to work with.

Pattern making is an art in itself, pattern making
apprenticeships take around three or four years to complete, before you are given your "Trade Ticket".

The average hobby foundry worker most likely won't have the time, or the patience to get involved with the art of pattern making to that extent.

But the basic skills are worth the effort to learn, because
without them you wont get far with your hobby foundrywork, unless you PAY to have all of your patterns made for you, but that would take all of the fun out of it, and also cost you a sizeable amount of money.

Construction costs of professional pattern making can vary from a few hundred dollars for simple patterns, up to several thousand dollars for complicated pattern designs.

I happen to a know a pattern maker who designs and builds patterns & core boxes to make alloy & cast iron cylinder heads, it is not unusual for pattern & core costs to be around $20,000.00 AU before you even think about melting & pouring any metal.

If you are a legacy of the old tech school system of the sixties
& seventies, there is a good chance that you still remember how to skilfully use woodwork hand tools.

Some of the finest foundry patterns were made using basic hand tools. More than likely you still have a chisel set tucked away in a drawer, or a spoke shave, wood plane & handsaw, plus
a host of other tools that could be used to make excellent patterns in the home hobby shop.

And if they happen to be a bit rusty, then get them out again and bring them back to life, re-grind the cutting edges and hone
them with an oil stone.

Remember what your trade teacher always told you; "sharp tools
give the best results."

Do the same with the wood plane and any other tools, such as a small set of carving chisels you could use to carve intricate shapes in wood.

You'll need some good pattern timber or lumber as it's called in the states... doesn't matter, it's all wood isn't it. There are many types of timber suitable for pattern making, but, you'll probably be limited to what's available in your area or region.
Quality pattern timber is expensive to buy, so ask for off cuts at the local timber merchant, which you may get for a considerable discount

You'll be looking for a soft timber that doesn't splinter, has a straight grain, is easy to work or carve, and finishes to an ultra smooth finish.

One of the easiest timbers to use is jelutong, this timber comes from the Philippines, I don't know whether it is from plantation timber, or old growth forests, but it is great to turn on a lathe, or shape and carve with sharp hand tools.

Some of the other pattern timbers in use are cherry wood, mahogany, maple, white pine, and many others.

Quite often a master pattern can be made from timber, and then a replica mould is made using RTV 585 silicone, this is a quick method to remake replica production patterns.The replica patterns can then be mounted onto a match plate along with the runners & gates, this method will enable you to mould & cast multiple parts at the same time.

With a little practise you will soon know enough to make reasonable quality patterns that create good sand moulds.

There is one important pattern making tool that will make you wince when you purchase, but it is an important tool to have if you want to make accurate patterns where shrinkage rates are concerned.

The tool is the "Pattern Makers Rule", this is a ruler about 500mm (20")long. Made by Rabone Of England. No B5. And the graduations are marked as: 1/30-1/40-1/60-1/80,

The graduations represent the amount of shrinkage allowance for different types of metals. The pattern makers ruler provides a built in shrinkage percentage, which means you don't have to calculate the final measurement or size of your pattern, you simply take your measurement from your shrink rule, and transfer the measurement to the pattern being made.

The system is quite clever in the way it's all been calculated.

For a quick example, the 1/30 scale measurement seems to give
the correct result with patterns used for cast aluminium items.

Machining allowance on specific parts of a given pattern may also need to be considered, generally your own judgement can be used to judge that.

Pattern making can be quite a challenge for the hobby foundry worker, but once you learn the basics and develop your skills, with a little practice your patterns will get better and so will the overall casting quality.

If you intend on making lots of patterns, the investment in a shrink rule is well worth the money.

And while you're at it buy a good book on pattern making, it deserves a study all on it's own, but it forms an integral part of foundry work, and because you're the boss of your own workshop, you have to learn to wear the hat of the pattern maker & that of the sand moulder & founder.

Sounds like a whole lot of work doesn't it, but you'll soon learn what will work best for you. Spend the time to learn all you can, and you'll be rewarded with encouraging results.

Col Croucher.

To find out more about hobby metal crafts and how you can employ the methods & techniques to build & create your own unique projects, visit our web site http://www.myhomefoundry.com to download a free ebook to begin your understanding of foundry metal craft. This article is available for ezine publishing as long as reference is given to the source

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By Colin Croucher

Safe Investments in this Real Estate Bubble

2009-03-25T00:14:00.000-07:00

Last few months have witnessed phenomenal returns on real estate in Delhi and NCR and whole of India. Though currently Gurgaon is slowing down, with prices having come down by 20% in certain cases ... still there is bullishness with caution. However, seemingly money is moving to Dwarka from Gurgaon.

With opening of Delhi metro line to Secretariat and Connaught Place almost a certainty, Connaught place has seen jump of 20 to 40% in capital and rental values. Inner circle showroom space rents at unheard Rs. 450 to 500/- per Sq. Ft., with showrooms space is in scarce supply. This positive sentiment due to Metro opening is pushing up demand in Dwarka and prices.

Where does one invest? Put in his money?

Answer to this is not easy. But it is still possible to find investment opportunities. Read on to know more.

To identify parameters for safe investment were difficult. Finally it boiled down to the question... if I invest my money in Real Estate anywhere, will a possible crash or bearish sentiment in Real Estate erode my real estate investment?

This meant, buying property at prices which in equity market parlance is called "value buy". Rock bottom prices. Choice was between a developed property or land. Developed property has the advantage of finding a tenant so as some return on investment is there. But then, in developed property, you pay for the developer's profit. Bearish sentiment can erode values in such investments considerably.

Land seemed to be safer. But what about a recurring return - monthly or annual from the land? This set me on to the exercise that if I had 1 (one) Crore rupees, then what shall I do?

This quest led me out of of Delhi and finally, in Rajasthan, within 100 Kms from International airport, I located large tracts of fertile agricultural land with sweet water in the range of Rs. 2 to 3 Lakhs per acre (including acquisition cost of stamp duty plus brokerage). Undulating land, with few hills around, lake etc.

It is possible that the land prices will not appreciate so quickly and the holding may exceed few years. Could I then earn recurring revenues? Answer was a simple and emphatic Yes. Investigation showed that multiple sources of revenue are possible.

Simplest is leasing the land for one year to the local farmer who pays you either in kind or cash. About 6-8 % annual return on the investment is possible. Fear here is that such lease creates a right for the farmer. But this is not true. Each third year, a new farmer can be found and land leased to. This is not difficult, and is done quite often.

Even better returns are possible, if herbal farming is done. Safed Muesli shows tremendous potential though there are negative reports that it did not work for the few who tried. But there are many, for whom it has worked. When properly done and marketed, it can generate upto Rs. 2 Lakhs per acre of profit in one year. Profits from first year itself possible.

Another possibility is growing the bio-diesel plantation. As per Govt. notification, in few years time it will become mandatory for a 5% mix of bio-diesel with diesel. Yes ... the bio-diesel is in short supply. Consistent revenues of Rs. 15 to Rs. 35 thousand per acre per year with minimal caretaking.

Then many other possibilities ... growing carnations, poultry, exotic vegetables, open a resort, conference center etc. Rajasthan govt. fairly co-operative on this.

Finally, the big bang is possible. Expansion of urban areas can push up dramatically the land valuations. In any case, large tracts of land give a high level of well being factor to oneself and the family.

http://www.swagatamindia.com Sheikh Pervez Hameed is a realtor since 1989, has ground knowledge of the real estate market of Delhi and its surroundings

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By Sheikh Pervez Hameed

The History of BB King - Would You Play Blues Guitar In Street Corners for Dimes?

2009-03-25T00:09:00.000-07:00

In his youth he played on street corners for dimes and pennies! He was born on 16 September, 1925 on a plantation in Itta Bena, Mississippi, near Indianola. He spent his youth playing on street corners for dimes. Today B.B. King (Riley B. King) averages 250 'packed to the rafters' concerts around the world each and every year.

In 1947, he hitchhiked to Memphis, Tennessee to pursue his music career and it is first love. His first major break came in 1948 when he performed on Sonny Boy Williamson's radio broadcast. As the years well by, King has developed one of the world's most identifiable guitar styles.

He borrowed from Blind Lemon Jefferson, T-Bone Walker and others, incorporating his distinct and complex voice-like string blends and his left-handed vibrato, both of which have become vital components of a blues guitarist's vocabulary. His economy, his every-note-counts phrasing, has been a model for thousands of players from Eric Clapton and George Harrison to Jeff Beck.

In the mid-1950s, two men got into a fight during one of King's performances. The men knocked over a kerosene stove and set fire to the venue. King raced outdoors to safety and then realised he'd left his beloved acoustic guitar behind. He rushed back in to retrieve it and almost lost his life. He found out later that the fight had been over a woman.

He named his guitar Lucille to remind him to never do a crazy thing like fight for a woman. Ever since, each one of King's guitars has been called Lucille. Does your guitar have a name?

Zack Roberts is the founder of 50 Blues Music Studios. He is a professional full time musician and guitar instructor, specializing in classic blues and rock music. He also runs a recording studio in Jersey City, NJ

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By Zack Roberts

Find The Perfect Honolulu Monthly Rental

2009-03-25T00:06:00.000-07:00

Hawaii is beautiful, find the perfect vacation rental

Are you in need of a rental in Honolulu? Honolulu is broken into four areas: Downtown, Manoa, Waikiki, and Waimanalo/Kaneohe. Before proceeding to search for a rental in Honolulu, you should pick the areas that most appeal to you. You must also come up with a reachable budget. When you rent, you still must pay for your food, utilities, and personal expenses. It is important to know how much you can afford to pay in rent and still have money left for your other bills.

The majority of rental in Honolulu managers require a full-credit check, a security deposit, first and last month’s rent, personal and professional recommendations, and proof of employment. You will be asked to sign a legally binding lease. Make sure you are clear on what utilities, if any, are included in the monthly rent. Water and heating are usually included. Electricity and phone bills are typically the renter’s responsibility.

In Downtown, rental rates can be quite low per month for an unfurnished studio that houses a living space and bathroom. Located on the western side of Oahu, Downtown Honolulu is close to shopping, dining, business, and the major airport. For several thousand dollars per month, you can rent a three-bedroom plantation-style bungalow that is located across from the beach. For this area of rental in Honolulu, the average price is high but that is indicative of the location. The renter here gets a three-bedroom, two-bathroom cottage near the major shopping district.

Manoa is located on the southwestern edge of Oahu. Beaches in this area are pristine. A one-bedroom studio rental in Honolulu in the Manoa area starts is several hundred dollars per month. A few thousand dollars a month will get the renter a two-bedroom apartment with ocean views. For a lower price the rental typically includes one-bedroom apartments that come fully furnished, minus the fabulous view.

Waikiki is located on the southern end of Oahu. This area is popular with surfers and beach lovers. A rental in Honolulu in the Waikiki area is also in the few thousand dollar range. Property in this area is extremely hard to come by.

If you are planning to obtain a rental in Honolulu in Waikiki, you must be extremely aggressive in pursuing any available property. An unfurnished one-bedroom apartment with one parking space is very desirable and therefore is in high demand. Spending more per month will net you an unfurnished two-bedroom cottage in a gated community. Neither of these examples are waterfront. Waterfront property in Waikiki is extremely rare and very high priced.

Finally, when looking for a rental in Honolulu, Waimanalo/Kaneohe is another area to consider. On the eastern coast of Oahu, Waimanalo/Kaneohe properties are a popular choice. A three-bedroom, executive style home will rent for a few thousand dollars per month including utilities.

Leasing a rental in Honolulu can be a trying experience. Prices vary greatly, but if you go into your search with a firm budget in mind, you’ll do fine!

For more information on the best Colorado Vacations try visiting Colorado Best Vacations located at http://ColoradoBestVacations.com where you will find valuable information on colorado springs vacations and other information

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By Dominic Ferrara

Blues Music History

2009-03-23T19:10:00.000-07:00

Blues is probably the purest American music ever produced – and along with its jazz counterpart – is the only true American music form. Its roots lie in the work songs of West African slaves in the South. When they toiled hard in the fields of South plantation owners, these slaves built a ‘call and response’ method of singing, thus lending rhythm to the drudgery of their lives. These came to be called ‘field hollers’ and became the basis of all blues music to follow. After the Civil War ended, the blacks could either work as field labor or become traveling minstrels. So quite a few ended up being the latter – performing at all-nighters, fish-frys and juke joints, relying on their stamina and mental repertoire of many blues songs.

Powerful Blues Music Is Officially Born

While the lyrics of blues songs seem soulful and sad, the music itself is quite powerful and emotive – filled with rhythm and celebrating the life of black Americans. What makes this kind of music appealing is its reflection of their daily lives, talking about sex, drinking, poverty, love lost, hard labor – anything they experienced.

Among the first documented blues is W C Handy’s “Memphis Blues” in 1909. The music grew in popularity and when the 78-RPM phonograph came in the late 1920’s Paramount, Aristocrat and other record labels recorded some of the famous country blues artists. Around 1941-1943, field recordings of blues men were made in their surroundings by famous blues folklorist Alan Lomax. This is significant because that’s how the white folks got introduced to the blues. Budding artists got exposure to some national record labels.

Blues Travels North

The blacks migrated North during the Great Depression along the route of the Illinois Central Railroad toward Chicago, bringing with them blues music. With huge crowds gathering to enjoy this, performers like Muddy Waters and Howlin’ Wolf switched to electric guitars and also included drum sets to their bands. This became even more powerful than the original blues. There was a lull until the late 1950’s when The Kingston Trio recorded the chart topper, Tom Dooley, and gave birth to the folk revival in 1958. The Newport Folk Festival then brought back folk and blues music to the white American people till 1966.

What followed later was a merging of blues with rock – forming the rock blues bands of the 1960s and 1970s. Some artists faithful to the form were The Rolling Stones, John Mayall, Led Zeppelin.

Types of Blues Music

There are four types of blues music. The Deltas blues is said to be the original – being played by the black men from the Mississippi delta region, using the piano or harmonica. The style was a call and response lyrical framing. Then we have the Chicago Blues, which used electric amplification of voice using mics, drum sets and electric guitars. The Texas Blues are similar to the Chicago blues. In the early 1960s originated the Blues-rock, which was directly influenced by the Delta and Chicago blues.

Werner Wichmann - http://www.electricguitarz.com

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By Werner Wichmann

Sgraffito Pottery

2009-03-23T19:09:00.000-07:00

Sgraffito Pottery was once considered to be the vessels of kings. From the Byzantine emperors to the Russian czars, Sgraffito has been the earthenware for the "blue-bloods" of Europe's finest houses. Sgraffito Pottery is defined by the intricate designs that have been actually scratched into the surface of the clay before firing. This sort of pottery is often made with bold colors and coated with a lighter liquid clay for contrast. It is at this point that the designs are scratched into the pottery showing the base color underneath.

This type of earth ware can be traced all the way back to the Sung Dynasty of China. There is a vase called the "T'zu-Chou vase that dates to the 11th to 12th century AD. That said Sgraffito can be found in many of the world's ancient cultures. It became quite popular among the many courts of Renaissance Italy. It is a style of pottery that is fast becoming quite collectible and sought after.

There are certainly quite a number of very expensive places online to purchase this art but it can be difficult to find nice yet affordable Sgriffito Pottery. A lot of these places were well out of my price range. But I saw a couple of fine, affordable examples at Plimoth Plantation in Plymouth MA when we were on vacation on Cape Cod. The Plantation is a living history museum where costumed interpreters portray actual people from the founding of the first English colony in New England. In addition to this wonderful recreation they have an excellent craft center where you can not only watch modern artisans, potters, furniture makers, embroiderers and native crafts people, design and create their wares, but you can buy these fine gifts as well. In addition to the plates I bought I managed to pick up a pitcher and a couple of cups as well. I want to pick up a couple more cups as gifts so fortunately the have an online gift shop.

Stacy Martins is a full time mom and part time avid pottery fan

If you are looking for more information about where to find Sgraffito Pottery see my site at: http://www.squidoo.com/sgraffitopottery

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By Stacy Martins

Volunteering is Good For the Soul and the World

2009-03-23T19:08:00.000-07:00

If you're feeling blue this holiday season and wondering why your family is less like the loving one in "It's a Wonderful Life" and more like the bickering cartoon characters on "The Simpsons," take heart. Try to help someone or some cause bigger than yourself by volunteering. It's a nice way to blunt the strong arm of the season's relentless commercialism and take a larger view of life. The opportunities are nearly infinite, limited only by your imagination and the time you can spare.

One Midwestern woman's creativity led to a much-anticipated seasonal event. On the first Saturday of each December, Diana Schmitt, her husband Mike and eighteen of their friends hold a Christmas party for the developmentally disabled residents of Saint Louis Arc in Saint Louis, Missouri. They are glad to see the revelers, who bring cookies and gifts and sing Christmas carols. Why did Schmitt conceptualize the party that has become an annual tradition over the last fifteen years? "It makes you feel good," says this former journalist. "Helping other people is the greatest high. You feel like you're giving back. People look forward to it."

Volunteering is a powerful and significant force in American society for many reasons. According to the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics, roughly sixty million people around the country volunteered at least once between September, 2006 and September, 2007. Put another way, that number represents more than twenty-six per cent of the total national population. Breaking it down by gender, women volunteer at a higher rate than men across all age groups, educational levels and other major characteristics. There is a correlation between higher education and volunteering. College graduates are more likely to volunteer than people who only earned a high school diploma.

Most volunteers are involved with only one or two organizations, often reflecting their own personal interests. While older volunteers tend to work for religious organizations, volunteers of other age groups work to combat an army of diseases from cancer to tuberculosis. They help out at schools as teaching assistants and field trip supervisors. Doing jobs that include fund-raising, general labor, speech-making and envelope-stuffing, volunteers play an important, even vital role in many non-profit organizations.

All this hard work adds up to a startling cold hard figure. According to the Corporation for National Community Service, the volunteer labor force saves American organizations $158 billion in costs per year. In light of International Volunteer Day on December 5th, these facts are not only sobering. They may also be motivating to readers wondering how they can make a difference in the world.

More than 500 volunteers help in a constellation of roles at the Humane Society of Broward County, the non-profit organization in Dania that finds homes for cats, dogs and rabbits. According to Cherie Wachter, director of marketing, these volunteers help out in the pet boutique, walk the dogs waiting for adoption, bathe and feed pets, and take pets home for foster care until puppies and kittens are old enough to be adopted. They also work as adoption counselors. Other volunteers with well-behaved dogs visit nursing homes and hospitals, bringing cheer to people in places where animals are normally forbidden.

As to why people become volunteers for the Humane Society, Wachter cites the obvious reason of a love for animals. "It's also a chance for people to get out of the house and meet others with the same interests," she says. "Many people live in apartments or condos where they can't have pets so they come here. We've had some volunteers who have been here well upwards of ten years, which says a lot about the staff and how this facility is run."

What would the Humane Society do without the work of its volunteers? "We wouldn't be able to operate," says Wachter. "In the fiscal year ending on September 30th, it was determined that volunteers donated 155,969 hours. They saved us $2.8 million."

No price can be put on the services of other volunteers in this political season. Cynthia Busch, a Plantation, Florida mother of a toddler daughter, managed to find time to be a team leader in the Presidential campaign of Barack Obama. After Al Gore lost his bid for the same office, Busch felt strongly that she needed to do something when John Kerry ran for President four years ago. Kerry's failed campaign motivated her to become involved in working for Obama with victory in mind. "It is a lot of work," says this member of the Plantation Democratic Club. "The more you do it, the more you're addicted to doing it. I feel strongly that local people should be involved."

It's not just adults getting in on the action. Young people, who need to earn high school credits through volunteer activities, are participating more and more. It can give them a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction, whether they are canvassing for funds to support muscular dystrophy research or creating a web site with personal stories about volunteering from their peers. Volunteering means they can test out career options. If it's a medical career beckoning, volunteering at a hospital is a good idea. If teaching is an option, check out after-school tutoring programs at elementary schools. In the process, young people meet mentors who may be influential for the rest of their lives.

At the age of twenty, Anastagia Pierre is aware of the value of volunteering. This Plantation resident recently won the title of Miss Florida USA, which she will defend in the Miss USA pageant in Las Vegas, Nevada next April. She makes personal appearances for the Susan G. Komen Foundation, committed to breast cancer research and education, and the Embrace Girls Foundation, a North Miami-based organization that teaches girls about etiquette and character-building.

"Volunteering gives us the freedom to grow as people, to focus on work that we really care about and find interesting, and to challenge ourselves," says Sarah Rogers, director of Jesuit volunteering at Stonyhurst College in Lancashire, England. "You change the attitudes of your whole circle of friends, family and colleagues in sharing some of your experiences with them."

Even reaching out to another person in need, outside of an official institutional capacity, can prove to be life-changing for both parties. When journalist Schmitt did a story for the Kansas City Star newspaper about transplanted Bosnian families, she met two pre-adolescent girls suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. One in particular, a girl named Majana, reached out to Schmitt, who helped get her free tuition to a Catholic school and out of the dangerous neighborhood where she was previously going to school. Thanks to Schmitt's mentoring and guidance, Majana went on to become valedictorian of her high school class, a college graduate, and a post-college graduate, earning a master's degree in economics. Currently, she holds a job with a major accounting firm in Chicago, Illinois.

"She went from a potential gang member to a contributor," says Schmitt with pride. "I was told that if you can only help one person, your life is validated. If someone presents herself to me as needy, I've always felt that I am beholden to help."

Sometimes what drives people to volunteer is recognition of a pressing need, such as seeing a loved one die in the care of a hospice. The gentle, loving end-of-life care provided in a hospice setting is remarkable when compared with the more medically focused care of a hospital. James Hallenbeck, M.D. calls care for the dying a communal activity and responsibility in which volunteers play a significant role: "The volunteer can provide perspective to patients, families and clinicians precisely because they are betwixt and between -- not dying, not family, not professional, but still important members of the tribe with a vested interest in the unfolding drama."

No matter where your spirit leads you this holiday season, the need for volunteers remains a constant throughout the year. Lending a hand is spiritually rewarding, allowing the giver to receive more than is given, which is a blessing in these troubled times.

Holistic Health Magazine provides current and relevant information to help you elevate in Mind, Body and Spirit. Please visit our free informational website at http://www.holistichealthmagazine.com to learn more about this article, to read some of our past articles and learn how to subscribe

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By Scott Lebowitz

Mississippi Delta Blues Pilgrimage

2009-03-23T19:07:00.000-07:00

Mississippi is well known as the "Birthplace of the Blues". Recently Mississippi has established "Blues Trails" as regional markers to landmark birth places and plantation homes of blues legends, in addition to grave sites and other areas of interest to blues aficionados.

An excursion through the Mississippi Delta takes visitors aback to where the blues began.

Clarksdale, Ms acts as the blues hub and is generally a good place to start your Mississippi Delta Blues Tour.

Being the birthplace of Muddy Waters, Clarksdale, MS is definately the most cultural rich blues community in Mississippi.

If you are looking for real blues, you're not going to find it on Beale St. in Memphis. You will have to get off the beaten path to find the real deal. Places like Po'Monkey's in Merigold, Ms. Merigold is about 30 miles south of Clarksdale.

Ok, so are you ready to take your "Blues Pilgrimage" ? But where will you stay? I know! How about the "ShackUp Inn" (www.shackupinn.com) right outside Clarksdale, Ms. Take a trip back in time to the plantation days. The ShackUp Inn has refurbished "Shot Gun" houses taken from the "Hobson Plantation". Prices are very reasonable and houses feature a full kitchen and dining area.

Take a visit to the Blues Museum in Clarksdale. Here you can get area information and directions to all sorts of out of the way landmarks and blues clubs. Also visit CatHead (www.cathead.biz), for blues culture and local folkart.

The Sunflower River Blues and Gospel Festival in Clarksdale begins 08/08-10/2008. Featuring Blues Legends and Top Blues acts from across the country, good southern BBQ, art and crafts. Named one of the "Top 10" festivals in the country. For more info see (www.sunflowerfest.org)

Just right across the Mississippi River Bridge is Helena, AR. Each year, the second weekend of October, Helena host the "King Biscuit Festival".This is another must-attend event.

Mississippi is steeped in Blues Heritage. There are a number of blues legends still performing in Mississippi Delta Blues Festivals. Don't miss an opportunity to enjoy these men and women of blues nobility.

For more information visit Mississippi Music Festivals

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By Burt French

Choosing Livestock Record Keeping Software

2009-03-23T19:05:00.000-07:00

Livestock management software, also referred to as ranch management or herd management software, is used to describe any software that assists in the management of livestock operations on farms or ranches. Basically, any operational, budgeting or financial aspect of your livestock or herd operation falls into this category. The key building block of this category of software is livestock record keeping software, for managing animal records on the farm or ranch.

Whether you are running a cattle ranch in the USA, a dairy farm in New Zealand or a plantation in South America, there is software specifically tailored to your operation. Within livestock farming alone (ignoring the supply chain and related agri-businesses) there are record keeping software products for management of cattle, dairy, sheep, horses, pigs, goats, alpacas, wildlife (such as deer) and the like. All of this software allows primary producers easily to monitor their livestock ranch operations and save precious resources.

This software runs on both desktop PC's and servers, and even extends to portable wireless handheld devices. This allows you to move freely about your farm while updating information directly into the back end system. You can record livestock transfers, paddock grazing information, scan electronic IDs (EID) for animals and the like- without even having to turn you PC or write anything down. And what's more, the devices are designed for rugged farm environments.

When considering alternative software solutions, it is important to work out which features you most need. Examples of key features for livestock record keeping include:

Recording mating and conceptions
Management of calving birth records
Analysing and tracking progeny
Slaughter and carcass recording and analysing
Semen and embryo inventories
Storing livestock purchases and sales
Full tracking of individual and group animals (herds / mobs)
Electronic ID (EID, NLIS and animal tags) integrated into the software
Artificial insemination (AI) and group servings
Breed association integration
Weigh scale integration
...and many more

So, whatever form of livestock record keeping software you need, you can be confident there is quality software available. The challenge now is working out which solution is right for you.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Craig_Westcott

By Craig Westcott

How to Give Better Service

2009-03-20T00:12:00.000-07:00

People are the reason I'm in the business of service. I own a tiny hotel in the rolling hills of Tuscany. With that I mean 5 rooms! The hotel itself is the original Tuscan farm house. Obviously this old house has been lovingly restored and been given modern amenities like hot running water and electricity.

With my hotel being so small I have no other possibility other than truly making people feel at home so that it's a pleasant experience for my staff and the guests them selves. Honestly my guests have seen me preparing breakfast in my pajamas. But I know that guests expect a good breakfast and appreciate it even more if it is prepared with love. Who cares that I haven't applied my lip stick yet? And often these early morning encounters have led to interesting conversations and brought about new friendships.

People know when you're merely just doing something in order to meet your obligations or whether you're genuinely interested in their well being and comfort. I travel a lot myself so I'm often subjugated to other people's service. A smile from the staff will do wonders to make you feel welcome. How many hoteliers and restaurant owners have failed to pass the concept of friendliness onto their staff?

I wonder why people get into the business of serving people when actually they have no interest in serving people. I'm not only talking about serving your guests with sincerity but also caring about your staff. Is the reason why staff in some hotels and restaurants are surly because they don't feel like they are of any value to their employees? True and genuine service begins from the core - it means treating every one from the cleaner to the VIP guest with respect and friendliness. You can't expect the cleaner to give of their best when they are made to feel less important than the VIP guest. And if you think about it - it makes sense.

From what I've seen cleaners that are treated well, go about their work with a smile on their face and more times than not are generously tipped by the guests which gives the cleaner even more reason to be enthusiastic about the job. It has been my experience that a manual worker can be evolved into a fantastic kitchen assistant and even become a discerning cook. It's all about acknowledging people and doing your best to be of service to them.

People fear that being of service means that you are a doormat and allow people to use you. That is something else. I myself have encountered miserable souls that allow people to push them around and still don't give a heart warming service. The facial expression is devoid of a genuine smile. In order to be of service to some body else you must be of service to your self first. Only some body that is happy within the self can project and pass on that feeling to some one else.

Folks with a sullen disposition should get out of the hotel and restaurant business. People go out to relax and get away from their problems - they shouldn't have to be confronted with unfriendliness and a attitude that says, "I couldn't care less - I'm just doing my job".

So remember in order to give better service check that you are being good to your self and your staff. Guests will remember you and your service and tell others about you. Favorable comments as per word of mouth are the most effective marketing any one can hope for.

Alissa Mattei is a degreed food technologist with a heart for olives. She is a sought after "olive consultant" and travels the world teaching food corporations how to recognize the quality of an olive so it can be introduced into a product range

Alissa also is an expert on "olive oil tasting". She owns and lives the life of her dreams together with her husband on a huge olive plantation, where together they run one of the most popular luxury guest houses in the heart of Tuscany. The guest house is simply called Casa Montecucco which in English means the house on the hill

Visit Alissa at http://www.casamontecucco.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Alissa_Mattei

By Alissa Mattei

TEFL Certification in Argentina & TEFL Jobs Teaching English in Argentina

2009-03-20T00:09:00.000-07:00

There are a wide variety of TEFL courses in Argentina offered in cities throughout the country. Completing a TEFL course in Argentina leads to TEFL jobs teaching English in Argentina. This is a truly wonderful and unique country which offers great opportunities for travel and teaching. In terms of initial costs for TEFL certification, Argentina is one of the best deals going in South America due to the financial crash of 2003.

Argentina is a country of stunning natural beauty. Due to the waves of immigration throughout the 20th Century, Argentina is truly cosmopolitan. It has beautiful big cities and huge expanses of untamed wilderness. It is a place where the visitor, particularly if they have a lively interest in soccer, can blend seamlessly with the surroundings and friendly people. The local language is of course Spanish, but there are some native South American dialects still in use. The population of this vast country is thirty-seven million, and the religion is predominately Roman Catholic.

In a country where US television and baseball is enormously popular, there is considerable enthusiasm for learning English and as a result a plethora of TEFL jobs teaching English in Argentina are available. Those actively looking for TEFL jobs teaching English in Argentina will find a good variety of opportunities throughout the country, and be rewarded by the experience of teaching some of the most enthusiastic and fun-loving students in the world.

Completing a TEFL course in Argentina with TEFL certification is sufficient to teach in state and private schools. Generally, employers for TEFL jobs do not require a degree, PGCE or previous teaching experience. Within language institutes you can expect to find yourself teaching those who work in tourism or business. Also businesses and companies provide TEFL jobs teaching English in Argentina for English language training purposes for their employees. A good TEFL course in Argentina will provide components within the course for teaching business English and in some cases specialized courses dealing only with business English teaching leading to CTBE: Certificate in Teaching Business English.

Argentina has a needs driven market when it comes to English language learning and as a result you will find highly motivated students. TEFL jobs teaching English in Argentina have to be paid for and this is generally at a cost to the student of English. Students, school managers, companies and businesses will expect a respectable, well-turned out, professional teacher. An important thing to note is that Latin languages are inflected and students will naturally have a high awareness of grammar. Teachers teaching English in Argentina will need to prepare well for their classes in order to provide rich and structured lessons and a solid learning environment. Argentinean students are amongst the most warmly spoken of by experienced TEFL teachers. Expect fun, great enthusiasm, but do not be too surprised if class sizes are low should there be a major sporting event being broadcast.

Buenos Aires is a great location for TEFL courses in Argentina and TEFL jobs leading to teaching English in Argentina. The capital city boasts café lined grand avenues and cobbled back-streets in a style as that of Europe, a buzzing night life and many places of interest. It is not too difficult to escape the somewhat unusually easy paced life of the city for the quieter suburbs and natural expanses that surround Buenos Aires. Cordoba is the education centre of the country with seven universities in total. As an academic town it is alive with interesting people and events and there is plenty to do on a budget. Mendoza in contrast, with giant sycamore lined streets, feels like a desert - as you will notice from the high temperatures - but it is a desert made green by the work of plantation owners.

A little preparation prior to setting off for your TEFL course in Argentina or TEFL job teaching English in Argentina will pay dividends. Think of not just of Argentina, but the whole continent of South America, as you may well end up traveling around quite a bit once you hit this part of the world. It is a good idea to contact Latin American embassies in your country of origin for the locations that interest you. Enquire about TEFL courses, TEFL jobs teaching English and visas, and see what you get back. You will find that you will have compiled a useful set of information which will help in the long run. Information will vary from country of origin to country of origin, Latin American embassy to Latin American embassy.

In many cases TEFL jobs teaching English in Argentina are acquired on-the-spot. Hence you will need a letter of introduction, in Spanish, your resume or CV translated accordingly, plus a translation of your transcripts and certificates. The best option is to use Castillian Spanish as spoken in Spain. This is seen as the mother tongue, universally comprehended, and carries style, weight and considerable currency throughout Argentina and Latin America.

There are a number of options that can be utilized to gain a placement prior to teaching English in Argentina. Many US TEFL schools have close ties with Argentina and other South American countries. The Buenos Aires Herald carries TEFL job advertisements for English Teachers and sometimes information about TEFL courses in Argentina. The Net has many forums and dedicated websites for TEFL jobs and teaching English in Argentina.

The local yellow pages detail schools, language institutes and universities which are often only too willing to interview candidates. Well presented, organized and enthusiastic TEFL teachers are in short supply. It is quite likely that if an employer likes you they will most certainly find some teaching for you!

TEFL job opportunities for teaching English in Argentina are in plentiful supply. There is a wide and varied market for those having completed a TEFL course in Argentina or at another location. Argentina offers great travel options and the opportunity to become part of the local culture through teaching English. When choosing a location for a TEFL course and teaching English overseas, Argentina and South America should be given some serious consideration.

TEFL International offers TEFL courses in Argentina and TEFL jobs leading to teaching English in Argentina. Teach, travel, live and work in Argentina

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Luke_Fisher

By Luke Fisher

Downtrends - Why and When

2009-03-20T00:07:00.000-07:00

Basic System in Business Cycles

Based on 'Solar Functional Energy' Cycle Model

Basic physics teaches us about gravitational force applicable on an object thrown up. The gravity of earth reduces the acceleration on the thrown object and reverses it to decelerate after the zero acceleration point and makes the object fall on the ground.

In business cycles in economics we face the similar situation of up trends and downtrends in the economic activities. Economy does not have uniform and unidirectional trends. After movements upward economic activities come downwards, may move on a level for sometime but never for long. As gravity of earth pulls down the upward going object to fall on ground some unknown force pulls economic activities down. What is that force?

Let us analyze economic activities. Economics is concerned with economic wealth and its creation. The most primary form of economic wealth is crops produced by human hands or primary handmade tools. Land, water, air and solar energy in the form of light and heat are the main factors used to produce crops. Land factor is a constant factor and whenever its fertility is reduced it is increased through adding fertilizers. Water factor is constant to certain degree only depending on natural rain water caused by seasons and artificial irrigation. Draughts and excessive rains are frequent phenomena that damage routine crop production. Plants and forests have great role in air or wind formation that helps cloud to move from place to place and rain. Sunrays have the potentialities to create cloud, rain, atmospheric pressure, warmth and other conditions for plants and vegetation to grow and sustain life on earth. The relationship between earth and sun in terms of distance and path, declination is almost constant for different regions of earth in a year. In spite of this there are wide variations in weather pattern and rain pattern mainly responsible for fluctuations in crop production. This in turn causes fluctuation in growth and decline of economic produce in terms of crops, commercial livestock, and plantation. There is widespread famine somewhere and devastating floods somewhere else. We all accept that sun is central to life and vegetation on earth. How this source of energy for earth which is constant in nature does produce the wide divergence on production pattern of agricultural resources beyond human hands?

Apart from the fluctuations in the crop production that is the base for sustenance of human life on earth there are fluctuations in the production of minerals and factory- produced good as well, which is the base for modern civilization. Not only there are varying trends in the volume of production of minerals from within the earth that is a constant source of reserved resources but also in the productions of final goods produced in factories out of these minerals such as metals and allied products. Production in this sphere is thoroughly planned by human brains, human hands and machines designed by human brains. There is no one who will plan and welcome declination in growth prospects. Why still are downturns in economy forced against the wishes of mankind? Why the best of efforts put by both experts and commoners fail to lift up the sagging economies until on the cyclical whim and will of the nature and not that of economists and managers! The answer does not lie in the hands of human beings.

By K.M. PANDIT

K.M PANDIT is an honors graduate in economics and possesses a certificate in marketing management. He remained engaged as professional managers in reputed organizations for about 25 years. He also took up job of academic writing in Research-Academia USA in which he helped students in writing their project works in Economics and marketing management

His interest in business cycle was aroused in 1996 when he witnessed many ups and downs in global economy especially in Japan. He became very serious about finding the reason for this. He studied the problems deeply and later opened 'Center of Business Intelligence & Forecasting in Kolkata to have professional study on the subject. His study encompasses stock market, commodity market metal markets including gold and silver to learn the system in trends. This book will be centric to gold to highlight the fundamental theory of Solar Functional Energy and TAR econometrics to answer about the most intricate question of why and how the cycle of growth and decline starts. He became member of Kitco gold forum to contribute his forecasts about gold market trends. He contributed his basic theory to his blog http://www.microsolar.wordpress.com to let people and investors know about the new theory of forecasting. There was massive flow of comments on his writings with reservations and doubts but when his forecasts came true letters of appreciation followed

He published his first e book on 'Solar Functional Energy' He plans his next book on full theory on ' Kantian Energy Cycle of Business' that can answer all the pertinent and mind boggling problems of business cycles

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Kanti_Mohan_Pandit

By Kanti Mohan Pandit

Public Domain Sheet Music At The Library Of Congress

2009-03-20T00:05:00.000-07:00

There is a huge demand for public domain sheet music for a variety of purposes. Some folks use this music to create public performances - and with public domain materials, there are no royalty or performance fees to worry about. Others want to build collections of royalty free music to sell to product developers. Still others build themed collections and sell it as books or CDs.

Finding sources of public domain sheet music is not too difficult. A bit of searching in your favorite search engine will reveal a variety of sources.

One of my favorites is the Library of Congress website. It has several fascinating, historical collections free for downloading and using in your projects. Here are some of the collections available on their website.

African-American Sheet Music, 1850-1920 - This collection consists of over 1300 pieces of African-American origin from 1850 through 1920. The collection includes many songs from the antebellum minstrelsy in the 1850s and from the abolitionist movement of that same era. It also includes many titles associated with the famous novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. Additionally, there are many Civil War era pieces about African American soldiers and the plight of the newly freed slaves. Post Civil War, the collection includes music related the the challenges of Reconstruction and the northern migration of the now freed slaves. Popular composers include James Bland, Ernest Hogan, Bob Cole, James Reese Europe, and Will Marion Cook.

Historic American Sheet Music 1850-1920 - This collection contains more than 3000 pieces related to the late 19th and early 20th century periods. The collection is very diverse - spanning a variety of music types including bel canto, minstrel songs, protest songs, sentimental songs, patriotic and political songs, plantation songs, spirituals, dance music, songs from vaudeville and musicals, "Tin pan alley" songs, and songs from World War I.

Music for the Nation: American Sheet Music 1820-1860 & 1870-1885 - This massive archive includes more than 62,000 pieces, about 15,000 from the period of 1820-1860 and the rest from the period of 1870-1885. This collection includes popular songs, operatic arias, piano music, sacred and secular choral music, solo instrumental music and music for band and orchestra.

There are many additional examples available at other Library of Congress collections. If you are into public domain musical collections, this is a great place to start your collection. Be sure to check it all out at the American Memory Collection at http://memory.loc.gov.

Subscribe to the Public Domain Unleashed E-Zine today - learn the secrets to building high profit autopilot income streams quickly and easily by using public domain resources

Public Domain Unleashed E-Zine will teach you secret searches you can perform to ferret out public domain materials, step by step guides to create full blown projects based on public domain works, the secrets of repurposing public domain works for even more profits and much more delivered straight to your email account every week

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Steven_Chabotte

By Steven Chabotte

Andrew Hill - Passing Ships - Jazz Music CD Review

2009-03-20T00:02:00.000-07:00

Passing Ships is the latest release from Jazz Superstar Andrew Hill, and I can only think of one word to describe this CD… AWESOME!

It's a rare day indeed that I get a CD from an artist that I can truthfully say does not have a bad track in the bunch. I'm more than happy to announce that’s exactly what I must say about this one. There simply is NOT a bad one in the bunch. No fillers here at all, with each song standing tall on it's own.

Passing Ships is a pleasantly varied, mix of 7 tracks that are very well written songs by this clearly superb artist. Most of the songs display a lot of the kind emotion that makes for a really great listen. Seemingly drawing from what I can only imagine are him own personal experiences. At different points touching on the most real emotions like love, heartbreak, pain, failed relationships and unattainable romance. They’re all here.

I give Passing Ships my highest recommendation. It just plain belongs in any serious music collectors collection regardless of genre preference.

While the entire album is really very good the truly standout tunes are track 2 - Passing Ships, track 5 - The Brown Queen, and track 7 - Yesterday’s Tomorrow.

My Bonus Pick, and the one that got Sore [...as in "Stuck On REpeat"] is track 1 - Sideways. Good stuff!

Passing Ships Release Notes:

Andrew Hill originally released Passing Ships on October 7, 2003 on the Blue Note Records label.

CD Track List Follows:

1. Sideways

2. Passing Ships

3. Plantation Bag

4. Noon Tide

5. The Brown Queen

6. Cascade

7. Yesterday's Tomorrow

Personnel: Andrew Hill (piano); Joe Farrell (soprano & tenor saxophone, alto flute, bass clarinet, English horn); Woody Shaw, Dizzy Reece (trumpet); Bob Northern (French horn); Julian Priester (trombone); Howard Johnson (tuba, bass clarinet); Ron Carter (bass); Lenny White (drums).

Recorded at the Van Gelder Studio, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey on November 7, 1969. Includes liner notes by Michael Cuscuna.

Designer shoes

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Clyde_Lee_Dennis

By Clyde Lee Dennis

Increase Your Business with a New "Old" Method: Vaastu Shastra

2009-03-18T21:58:00.000-07:00

Whether an established conglomerate or a fledgling company, a business in the red or black, from home or from office – everyone loves a helping hand. If the tooth fairy existed life would be much simpler, but since she hasn’t paid us a visit in a long time Vaastu Shastra might be a good alternate.

Vaastu Shastra is the ancient Indian science of architecture and interiors. Based principally on the movements of the suns rays, the principles of Vaastu mainly talk about eight main directions and their impact on various aspects of our life – including our financial well being. Given below are some tips to help to in whatever financial endeavor you choose.

• The company CEO or Managing Director or President – in short the head honcho – should sit in the South West(SW) and face the East (E) or North (N).

• Computers / software labs should be placed in the South East (SE).

• The pantry should be in the SE or North West (NW).

• Accounts needs to occupy the Northern most corner.

• NW is a good direction for marketing.

• NE is a good area for the receptionist to welcome guests.

• Purchase / procurement should be located in the S or W.

• The entrance to the office should be completely free of all obstacles.

• Telephones, communication instruments need to be in the SW corner.

• The way your files are organized also plays a major role. Some tips to organize your filing cabinets.

o Accounts – SE corner of the shelf

o Personal – SW shelf of the office

o Purchase & Procurement – SW shelf made on the S wall

o Sales – NW shelf on wall

o Real Estate & Property – SW shelf made on the S wall

o Stocks – NW shelf on N wall for stock you want to sell and SW shelf on S wall for stocks you want to retain

o Taxes – SW corner shelf

o Litigation – NW corner shelf

o Bad debts – NW shelf will help in early recovery of dues

Other than the actual office, Vaastu Shastra also has some principles that can be applied while setting up a manufacturing unit or industry.

• The main streets or roads leading up to the industry should be towards the E, N or NE. It is advisable to have two huge gates at the entrance.

• Gates should be NE or E and NW or W.

• The security should be either NW of the N gate or SE of the E gate.

• Maximum space for plantation and large trees should be left in the N and E. S and W sides need little greenery.

• The SW floor levels and ceiling must be higher than the floor and ceiling in the rest of the construction.

• Any storage space needs to be built in the SW and storage must always be filled to capacity.

• NW is a good direction for car parking.

• Administrative staff is to be located in the N or E. They must be kept away from boundary walls and the height of the administrative offices needs to be less than that of the main building. Keep the NE corner open.

• Restrooms go SE or NW.

• All water bodies (storage tanks, wells) should be in the NE area.

• Heavy machinery should be installed in the S, W or SW.

• Raw materials to be stored in the S, W or SW.

• Unfinished products or products under constructions need to be kept in the W.

• Finished products ready for sale go NW. It will speed up the selling process.

It is important to remember that while the principles of Vaastu Shastra are scientific in nature, they only work towards creating an environment conducive to successful ventures. Vaastu Shastra is not magic and cannot breathe life into a dead business. Also, by taking care of the various Vaastu Shastra tips, you are not buying a lifetime guarantee free of troubles. You are only empowering yourself to be better equipped to fight whatever hurdles you may face.

This article was written by Ginger Red Hawk, a consultant with http://e-tarocchi.com/ the New Age resource Website where you can explore new horizons with every click, learn how to increase your business success, find fun oracles and self-awareness tests

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ginger_Red_Hawk

By Ginger Red Hawk

Andrew Hill - Passing Ships - Jazz Music CD Review

2009-03-18T21:56:00.000-07:00

Passing Ships is the latest release from Jazz Superstar Andrew Hill, and I can only think of one word to describe this CD… AWESOME!

I give Passing Ships my highest recommendation. It just plain belongs in any serious music collectors collection regardless of genre preference.

While the entire album is really very good the truly standout tunes are track 2 - Passing Ships, track 5 - The Brown Queen, and track 7 - Yesterday’s Tomorrow.

My Bonus Pick, and the one that got Sore [...as in "Stuck On REpeat"] is track 1 - Sideways. Good stuff!

Passing Ships Release Notes:

Andrew Hill originally released Passing Ships on October 7, 2003 on the Blue Note Records label.

CD Track List Follows:

1. Sideways

2. Passing Ships

3. Plantation Bag

4. Noon Tide

5. The Brown Queen

6. Cascade

7. Yesterday's Tomorrow

Recorded at the Van Gelder Studio, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey on November 7, 1969. Includes liner notes by Michael Cuscuna.

Designer shoes

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Clyde_Lee_Dennis

By Clyde Lee Dennis

What Is The Fair Market Value of Your Business? Part 1

2009-03-18T21:55:00.000-07:00

“After all the grief, sweat and years of long hours . . . what can I get for it?”

There comes a time in the life cycle of every business when it becomes necessary, if not vital, to learn what the business is actually worth.

Why value a going business?

This “handle on value” may be needed for any number of reasons, but the following list covers at least some of the more popular ones:

1. Contemplated sale of the business

2. Mergers & acquisitions

3. Adding or withdrawing partners or shareholders

4. Buy-sell agreements

5. ESOPs

6. Estate and/or financial exit planning

7. Insurance or other economic losses

8. Re-capitalization of the business

9. Arranging funding for expansion

10. Marital dissolution (Divorce)

11. Determination of loan value

12. Purchase of business from family estate

To put it simply, when you own a business, the whole process of deciding “to add, to change, to buy or to sell,” best begins with a professional business valuation to determine the “real world” market value of the business at a given point in time. And when the business has been valued properly, everybody wins. Let’s look at a representative example drawn from our experience with thousands of businesses we have worked with over the years.

Typical Buy-Sell Scenario

Considering a specific objective for a business valuation helps to understand the process. In this context we can assume that in the following scenario the goal is to sell the business. But within this notion to sell there must be one common thread that guides the way things work. And that is the fair treatment of the business being valued, and also of the ultimate buyer who finally acquires the business. The following hypothesis then, illustrates the details of the sale, both from the seller’s and buyer’s perspective. Here a professional business valuation was used as the basis to begin discussions once the qualified buyer had expressed a sincere interest in the business.

Business: Industrial distributor with products and services marketed within a 100 mile radius from its Midwest location. Present annual sales - $1,750,000. 25 year history, with a staff of 13 including the owner and two sales people.

Seller’s Rationale: This owner used the numbers generated by the valuation service as a basis for negotiation, wherein the final buy price agreed upon was an even $1,000,000. At the time of closing, the purchase price included assets in the amount of $340,000 consisting of inventory for the most part. Based upon the buy-sell agreement, the seller receives a total down payment of $400,000 in cash and marketable securities. The balance of $600,000 is to be carried as an owner financed loan at 10% interest over a payback period of 10 years. The real net profit of this business amounts to $225,000 per year, allowing the annual debt service of $95,160 ($7,930/Mo including principal and interest) to be handled without undue strain on cash flow. Thus our seller receives a fair price for the business, with the down payment to be used by the owner to support retirement plans and also to pay off a small business bank loan which is the only remaining debt in the business. In this case the owner also benefits in that the finance balance ($600,000) paid by the buyer, will be disbursed over the next 10 years, minimizing tax implications.

Buyer’s Rationale: With a background in the distribution business and having prepared a comprehensive business plan, the buyer is purchasing this business because the firm has a good, stable history, almost no people turnover, is priced right and has excellent growth potential. In the business plan the buyer has calculated a modest 9% growth rate to reach $4,000,000 in sales by the end of 10 years. Because of certain reinvestments that are necessary, the buyer anticipates that the current 12% net profit (pre-tax) will remain the same, even though positive cost savings will be instituted to lower overhead and improve margins. This will produce enough additional net profit beyond the present $225,000/year to retire the owner financed loan early, or to use for reinvestment, personal compensation or a combination thereof. Per the business plan, within 10 years or less, the business will reach the point where it is debt free and producing $500,000 annually in real net profit. Had the purchaser placed his $400,000 in the market and earned 10% interest per year, the investment would have grown to $1,037,496 (with compounding) in the same 10 year period. This compared to owning the above business on a debt free basis (including its inventory, equipment, vehicles and fixtures) at the end of the same 10 year period, and be producing $500,000/year in profit.

So in this scenario, the positive implications of the business valuation are abundant. The valuation has become the basis for the monetary buy-sell discussions which have proven equitable for both seller and buyer. Recognize, however, this is just a projection and is only used to implicitly illustrate that to be really meaningful and worthwhile, the valuation results must project fairness for all parties concerned.

Valuation Methods Now In Use

Here the approach to a given end is seemingly endless. On the one hand you have a group “know-all specialists in their niche” that will use magic ratios to equate to business value. I can recall a discussion with an owner of a super market years ago who said he could place a value on any store operation by simply using the ratio of 7.5 x earnings. A quick response to this might be . . . “how and who defines earnings?”
Then on the other extreme we can respectfully mention that group of business appraisers that have completed course requirements offered by the two major valuation associations . . . . The Institute of Business Appraisers (IBA), Plantation, FL; and the American Society of Appraisers (ASA), Washington, DC. Both associations offer excellent programs and their graduates generally do a very thorough and detailed analysis of a given business to then produce its fair market value.

And somewhere in between the methodologies offered above, we have two other approaches that bear mention. First is the “financially based” individual who may value one or two business per year and is a self proclaimed “expert.” (Comment directed to the business owner . . . “since its your business, with whom will you feel comfortable enough to entrust with its confidential financial information to determine its real worth? The self proclaimed expert, or the experienced professional?”) Second is the available variety of off-the-shelf software programs for those individuals (sellers, buyers or others) who delight in purchasing a CD for their computer or lap top and then spend the next 10 or 100 hours in learning and working the program. And when the exercise is finished and they have the final value “in hand” . . . they may nervously hope an error hasn’t been made somewhere along the way. I can’t tell you how many times I have received a call from someone who purchased a software program because a buyer contacted them about acquiring their business, and now they were “scared to death” with the software results, and their date to talk to the buyer was . . . “next week!”

Revenue Ruling 59-60

In terms of specific methods to value a business, most methodologies now in place go back to the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, later updated to Revenue Ruling 59-60, to deal with the valuation of stocks of closely held corporations. This ruling specified a group of “relevant factors” which were acceptable for consideration when placing a value on an operating business, or its share value in a closely held corporation. These factors included things like; the nature and history of the business, economic outlook, book value of the stock, financial condition, presence of goodwill and the market value of stocks of corporations engaged in a similar line of business. All good information - but sometimes difficult and expensive to acquire.

Since for the most part, valuation methodologies today have grown out of the ideas represented by RR 59-60, we can note the approaches most often used currently in assessing business value. They are labeled the Cost, Market and Income methods. In brief they can be defined as follows:

Cost Method - The business is valued based upon its cost of replacement.
Market Method – Here the valuation expert researches the sales price of similar publicly traded businesses for comparison purposes.
Income Method – In this case the value discipline involves the determination of future economic benefits as an expression of present business worth.

In an effort to be open to all “practitioners of valuation” (including software programs), it would be fair to state that the methods in use today normally embrace elements of relative authenticity. Beyond that we must recognize that determining market value for a business is as much an “art” as it is a science. In the final analysis, in the scenario where a business is to be sold, the ultimate valuator is the buyer whose skill, interest and judgment is reflected by the purchase price offered. We’ve all heard it before . . . “a business is worth what a willing and qualified buyer is willing to pay for it.” ***

Part II Topics Include:

• Financial Data

• Present Debt - A Factor?

• What does a valuation cost?

• How to select a valuation service

• Aids to help sellers

Paul A. Halas, Jr. is a valuation analyst, certified management consultant and has operated the firm of Halas & Associates in Charlotte since 1978. The Halas Business Valuation System has been used to value thousands of firms nationally and internationally since 1985. Visit: http://www.halas.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Paul_Halas

By Paul Halas

Retention of Tax Records - Keep or Toss

2009-03-18T21:53:00.000-07:00

Keep or Toss – And When?

Record Retention

By Teri Kaye, CPA

As a Certified Public Accountant, I work with my clients’ banking and business records all the time. As a mom, I handle my own family’s banking, credit card and other financial records. In both capacities, I have learned how important it is to safely retain financial records. If you have ever applied for a loan or been through a tax examination, you also know the need to have adequate records. But what are adequate records and how long do you need to keep them?

In general, except in cases of fraud or substantial understatements of income, the IRS can only assess additional tax for three years from the date the return was filed, (or, if later, three years after the return was due). For example, if you filed your 2005 personal tax return by its original due date of April 17, 2006, the IRS would have until April 15, 2009 to assess a tax deficiency against you. If you filed your return late, the IRS generally would have three years from the date you filed the return to assess a deficiency.

However, the assessment period is extended to six years if the IRS asserts that more than 25% of gross income is omitted and is indefinite if the IRS asserts fraud on a return. In addition, the assessment period doesn't begin to run until a return is filed. Therefore, if the IRS claims that you never filed a return for a particular year, it can assess tax for that year at any time (even beyond three or six years), unless you can prove that you did file. Proving that you filed would entail providing a copy of the return and proof of mailing (such as the green “return receipt” from the U.S. Postal Service.

Retaining tax returns (along with their proof of mailing) indefinitely and important records (bank statements, check registers, receipts, expense logs, sales invoices, computer backups, W-2s and 1099s, etc.) for six years after the return is filed should, as a practical matter, be adequate. If you file your returns electronically, be sure to get copies from the company that prepared and/or filed your return; it is required to provide you with a paper copy of the return.

The six year retention rule is extended for assets and transactions that affect more than one tax year. For instance, if you buying real property, or other investments, or obtaining or making loans, the records for the purchase or origination should be kept for six years after the ultimate sale or payoff. In addition, documentation on any improvements or other costs required to be capitalized should also be kept until six years after the sale.

For any business with an employee, keep complete and accurate record of hours worked and hours paid for. Have a written payroll policy that states how employees are to record their time and that they must submit the information to the employer. Include rules for overtime (i.e., does it need to be approved in writing in advance by a supervisor). Keep all these records for three years after the employee has been terminated. For all employment records, including tax returns and timecards, keep these records for at least four years.

In the event you have a transaction generating a loss carry-forward, such as the sale of an investment at a loss, you should keep the records relating to the underlying transaction as proof of the loss, until six years after the loss has been fully utilized or expired. In particular, remember that if you reinvest dividends to buy additional shares of stock, each reinvestment is a separate purchase of stock, and the records of each reinvestment should be kept for at least six years after the return is filed for the year in which the stock is sold.

For Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) you should keep records of contributions and distributions, Forms 8606, 5498 and 1099-R until all the money is withdrawn from all the accounts and an additional three years has passed.

When new property takes the basis of old property, records relating to the old property should be kept until six years after the sale of the new property is reported. For example, suppose you bought a car for business use in 1998 and you traded it in on a new car for business use in 2001. If you sold the new car in 2006, your basis in the new car will determine whether you have a tax gain or a tax loss on the sale, and your basis in the new car is determined, at least in part, by your basis in the car you traded in 2001. Accordingly, records relating to your old car should be kept until 2013 (i.e., for six years after your 2006 return is filed in 2007).

If separation or divorce becomes a possibility, be sure you have access to any tax records affecting you that are kept by your spouse. Or better still, make copies of the tax records, since in such situations, relations may become strained and access to the records difficult.

As many of us have learned this year with the various hurricanes, and other disasters, the calculation of the casualty and theft loss deduction is determined in part by your basis in the damaged or stolen property. You need to have records to support that basis, until six years after you file the return claiming the loss deduction.

To safeguard your records against loss from theft, fire or other disaster, you should consider keeping your most important records in a safe deposit box or other safe place outside your home. In addition, consider keeping copies of the most important records in a single, easily accessible location so that you can grab them if you have to leave your home in an emergency.

If records are lost or destroyed, it may be possible to reconstruct some of them. For example, a paid tax return preparer is required by law to retain, for a period of three years, copies of tax returns or a list of taxpayers for whom returns were prepared. Similarly, other professionals who assisted you in a transaction may retain records relating to the transaction. Consider contacting, your banker, investment broker, realtor and attorney for records.

Your state may have different rules so consult your State taxing authority to request information regarding their record retention rules.

Today, with the prevalence of computer scanning equipment and software, it is easier than ever to maintain complete records for years. My firm invested in state of the art scanning, storage and retrieval technology and now instead of having a filling room, we scan our files and clients’ records and store them electronically. This not only satisfies the retention requirements, but also allows easy access. No more looking in cabinet after cabinet or boxes in storage.

Whether you keep hard copies of tax returns, proof of filing and other financial records, or scanned copies, it is important to set a policy about what you will keep, how you will keep it and when you will destroy it (by shredding so your identify and information are protected).

Teri Kaye, Certified Public Accountant , is a Principal with Friedman Cohen Taubman & Co, LLC, a public accounting firm in Plantation, Florida, http://www.fctcpa.com/. Teri is also on the leadership panel for Mommy Mentors’ Mom’s Business Mastermind Group, http://www.mommymentors.com/. Mommy Mentors is a resource for all mothers to find support, inspiration and information, both in business and life. Teri can be reached at terik@fctcpa.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Teri_Kaye

By Teri Kaye

Is Microsoft's Portable Strategy in Tatters?

2009-03-18T21:50:00.000-07:00

Microsoft entered 2009, midnight PST to be exact, with egg on their faces over failure of the Zune Media player to account for the Leap Second which ended 2008.

According to Zune owners from across the globe, thousands of Microsoft's 30GB iPod imitators suddenly gave up the ghost at exactly midnight Pacific time last night.

"We've got two Zune 30GBs," says one poster to the Zune.net forums. "One was docked in the Zune Docking Station, the other wasn't. At exactly 2am CDT (12am PDT), the docked Zune made the 'unplugged from USB port' bong-noise and went to the boot-up screen with the 100% loading bar...and froze.

It certainly was not a great start to what is to be a difficult year for the software company. The biggest challenge will be to deliver a successful launch of Windows 7, especially since it was announced today that according to Gartner, Enterprise adoption, the bread and butter of the Windows Monopoly is firmly stuck in single digits:

Just over two years since Microsoft launched Windows Vista, fewer than 10 per cent of PCs in the enterprise are running the successor to the company's eight-year-old Windows XP.

That compares to last July when Forrester reportedly said Windows Vista adoption was at 8.8 per cent and Windows XP was at 87.1 per cent. In that report, Forrester said Windows Vista was like "new Coke", which was killed by its corporate parent because nobody like it.

Shareholders are quite rightly disappointed in not only how long it took to deliver Vista, but how badly the launch of the product into the market and finally the adoption rate as we discuss below. Couple that with the news that Firefox continues to make significant ground in the browser wars, a key component of Microsoft's online strategy.

Internet Explorer now has 67.55 percent of global browser market share, a drop of over seven percentage points in a year, according to figures from Web metrics company Net Applications, released Monday. Mozilla's Firefox browser, meanwhile, has gained market share in the same time frame, climbing over three percentage points to 21.53 percent.

This continues to make Microsoft very uncomfortable because the Internet Explorer is and will be designed to work well with Windows Live, the partner and successor to the Microsoft Office Strategy. This is important because while other browsers have insignificant marketshare, Microsoft can safely ignore support for those browsers. But now Firefox has moved past 20% in North American market share (it has always been larger in Europe), it will come under greater scrutiny should they attempt to tie IE to Office Live Online.

The Windows Desktop, Windows Live and Windows Mobile are three interdependent legs, which are designed to strengthen and extend Microsoft's franchises. They rely on each other to block competitions ability to attack Windows Desktop with a single point product.

Which brings use to Windows Mobile, another device that was designed to tie the Microsoft Enterprise Strategy to portable devices. Without a significant market share in mobile devices, it cannot use their strength in Office to nail the Live strategy and strengthen the desktop defense. They all rely on each other to work.

To top off January, Motorola has made sharp cutbacks it's Windows mobile investment:

Now there are signs Motorola is shifting away from Windows as well. Its recent job cuts included a team of more than 70 employees working on the Windows Mobile platform at its facility in Plantation, Fla. Telecom analyst Ittai Kidron of Oppenheimer & Co. said delays in releasing a new version of the Windows platform may have caused Motorola to alter its plans in the short term.

With key partners HTC and Motorola dancing with Google's Android platform, the iPhone and Blackberry blowing away records, makes the Microsoft tri-platform strategy look like it is taking on a lot of water. This is because each component is designed to support the others and without this approach, it makes it very difficult to build the network effect (read profits) that they have enjoyed with Windows and Office.

It is troubling to think that Microsoft, being a company with huge resources have executed poorly on the Windows Mobile strategy, are playing off the backfoot on the Online strategy and have failed to convince their customers to stay on the upgrade strategy that worked so well 8 or so years ago. If walking and chewing gum at the same time is so difficult thus far, can we expect them to be able to pick up the pieces in 2009?.

Greg Royal, a Senior Executive for a US based Software Company and part time writer at http://www.Kiwibloke.org. He has had over 20 years experience in the delivery of large scale computer systems throughout Australia, New Zealand and the United States

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Greg_Royal

By Greg Royal

Spirituals - The Songs That Inspire Us

2009-03-16T23:33:00.000-07:00

Great spiritual songs that inspire are a part of America's folklore. Long a part of our nation's canon of song, we hardly give thought to how they came into existence. Each one does have a story though, which sheds light on the place and time they were born.

The following songs are a few examples of great spirituals and their origins. These songs are great for singing around the piano and are a fine addition to any piano repertoire.

Amazing Grace

Written originally as a poem by John Newton in 1772, Amazing Grace is one of the most popular spiritual songs in America. The music that accompanies the version we know today is a variation of the tune "New Britain." This music first appeared in 1829 in a hymnal titled Columbian Harmony. The composer is unknown. Amazing Grace is John Newton's personal thoughts on divine grace and his conversion to Christianity.

When the Saints Go Marching In

This song is familiar as a spiritual tune often played in New Orleans to accompany a funeral procession to and from a burial. Louis Armstrong propelled the song to great popularity in the 1930s with his rousing jazz rendition. However, researchers point to the Bahamas as the birthplace of the song.

A song titled "When the Saints are Marching In" resembles the song we know today. Published in 1896, its lyricist and composer were Katherine E. Purvis and James M. Black. Various titles of the piece appeared over the years. The title we are familiar with received publication in a hymnal in 1927 titled "Spirituals Triumphant-Old and New." Vocal and instrumental versions of the song play across the land year after year.

Swing Low, Sweet Chariot

Wallis Willis wrote this song around 1862. The Red River reminded him of the Jordan River, and the references in the song are to the Prophet Elijah going to heaven on a chariot. This song was a favorite of plantation workers in the 1800s. It enjoyed new popularity in the 1960s as part of the music of the Civil Rights movement. Willis was once a slave of the Choctaw Indians.

Michael Row the Boat Ashore

First published in "Slave Songs of the United States" in 1867, this song began in the oral tradition. The abolitionist Charles Ware wrote the music for the words that freed slaves sung on St. Helena Island in the 1860s. This song speaks of crossing the Jordan River, and the river is a metaphor for crossing over from life to death. The Michael of the song is Michael the Archangel.

Go Tell It on the Mountain

This song is a popular Christmas tune. It's a traditional African-American spiritual written by John Wesley Work, Jr. in 1907. The song received publication that year in Nashville, Tenn., in his book, "Folk Songs of the American Negro." Work devoted his time to preserving African-American folk music. Go Tell It on the Mountain has a rich performance history, with Peter, Paul, and Mary; Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby; and Bob Marley among its performers.

The great spiritual songs continue to speak their words to new generations of listeners. They offer hope to those who seek inspirational messages in musical form to help them in their trials. For this reason, they will uplift those who play and sing them for generations to come.

Duane Shinn is the author of the popular online newsletter on piano chords, available free at "Exciting Piano Chords & Chord Progressions!"

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Duane_Shinn

By Duane Shinn

Beware of Soybean Threats on Chinese Economy in 2008

2009-03-16T23:31:00.000-07:00

All of a sudden, China has turned from its traditional role of a soybean exporter to the world's largest soybean importer. Amid the rising food prices and heightened inflation, soybean crisis may present an unexpected challenge to the Chinese economy in 2008.

Soybean crisis

The soybean crisis is evident in three areas, namely high import dependence, foreign company dominated industrial structure and transgenic quality dangers.

First of all, China's soybean import dependence is on the rise. China had traditionally been a net soybean exporter until 1995, but it became the world's largest soybean importer in 2000 with a record import volume of 1 million tonnes. Since then soybean imports have kept rising in subsequent years, with net import of 28 million tonnes in 2006, which was 1.77 times of China's domestic soybean output in that year, equivalent to a import dependence of 64%. In 2007 China's net soybean import further exceeded 30 million tonnes. According to the State Grain Administration, China's domestic soybean output were only 14 million tonnes, down 12.32% from pcp, and soybean acreage was down 6.25%. This signals further increases in soybean imports in 2008.

The reasons for soybean output decline include: production cost disadvantage compared to overseas transgenic soybean; lower oil extraction rate for domestic soybean, whose 17-18% compared to 22% for imported soybean; lower plantation yield compared to other food plantations such as corn and grain.

Secondly, China's soybean industrial chain is now dominated by foreign enterprises, weakening the authority's macro control efforts. The soybean crisis is not only evident in self-supply of raw materials, but also in downstream processing links. It is reported that 70% of fat production plants and 80% of soybean crushing are controlled by foreign companies. A more worrying fact is that the foreign dominance in China's soybean supply and processing industries is concentrated in the hands of several multinational grain companies, including Archer Daniels Midland, Bunge, Cargill and Louis Dreyfus.

Furthermore, the hidden danger from importing transgenic soybean cannot be overlooked. Most of China's imported soybean today is transgenic soybean, whose safety has long attracted considerable controversy in developed countries. Transgenic foods may contain new toxins and allergens, while Chinese consumers, who consume considerable amount of transgenic vegetable oil and meat and aquatic products fed by transgenic soybean, may have overlooked the potential hazards in the short term.

In short, China's soybean demand is seeing robust growth and exceeding supply, so the situation of import dependence should continue to exist. Soybean crisis is already a broad consensus in the industry, and if we include soybean into the grain category, then it may moving towards a grain crisis.

Food self-sufficiency rate declining

The grain import dependence is calculated as the ratio between net grain imports and domestic apparent consumption volume (domestic output plus net imports). Since 2004, China's dependency on grain imports has been increasing significantly, and approaching 5% in 2006.

Apart from looking at grain import dependence, we have also examined edible oil imports, as importing edible oil is literally equivalent to importing soybean. Edible oil imports are following a similar upward trend with soybean imports. The increase has been 200-fold since 1986, with a record 8.4 million tonnes of edible oil imported in 2007. So if we assume a 20% oil extraction rate for soybean, it implies China's soybean import volume will need to further increase 45%.

Putting together edible oil and soybean imports, China's soybean import increase has therefore been extraordinarily rapid. In 2006 it imported soybean-equivalent of 43.6 million tonnes, and the figured is expected to exceed 50 million tonnes, amounted to 10% of China's apparent grain consumption, implying a mere 90% grain self-sufficiency rate. This rate is lower than the 95% target repeated stressed by the government. So in a sense, the soybean crisis is now posing a threat to China's grain security.

From another point of view, China has lost its self-sufficiency ability in the edible oil sector. According to the State Grain Administration, Chinese population consumed 23.74 million tonnes of edible vegetable oil in 2006-07, with 18 kg per capita. Considering the 28.3 million tonne imported soybean (assuming a 20% oil extraction) and 6.7 million tonne edible vegetable oil in 2006, China's edible vegetable oil import dependence is now at 52%. The import volume will keep rising in the future, and domestic prices will be more subject to international market fluctuation.

Furthermore, as soybean's unit plantation output is only 1/3 of grain, importing one tonne of soybean will be equal to importing three tonnes of grain. If soybean price keeps rising, there will be more farmers in China shifting to soybean plantations, which means China may need to import even more grain. Ironically, to achieve edible oil self-sufficiency, China may need to import at least 100 million tonnes of grain, further reducing food self-sufficiency.

In addition, when we convert net edible oil imports back into soybean, we may conclude that China's total grain demand in 2007 has amounted to 550-560 million tonnes. Looking forward, as China's population keeps rising and consumption keeps increasing, demand for food can only be even higher, hence a more acute food problem.

For more information about the China industries, please visit http://www.chinabizintel.com

http://www.ChinaBizIntel.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Face_Zhang

By Face Zhang

Shutting Out Light and Improving Appearance With Interior Window Shutters

2009-03-16T23:30:00.000-07:00

Improving the appearance of a room while blocking out unwanted sunlight or moonlight is easy with Interior Window Shutters. They are a more permanent solution to window coverings. They are also better than most window coverings because they are not nearly as delicate and are easier to clean. Interior blinds come in different styles, finishes and prices.

There are basically two types of interior window shutters, being traditional and plantation style. While you only have a couple of different types to choose from they can be configured in a number of ways depending on your window height and width.

The big choice you have is in finishes and materials. Finishes range in different color paints to different color stains, even natural wood. But if you do not go with wood you have the options of going with iron shutters, and polywood shutters. Iron shutters can add to the beauty of your home and they also are more safe because they can be removed easily from the inside, but not from the outside. Keeping outside things outside and allowing you to exit from the window if necessary. Polywood shutters are nearly maintenance free. Meaning you will not have to fork out more money after they are installed. Remember your decoration when choosing interior window shutters.

Your home can look more beautiful and different with the addition of interior window shutters, you may even believe that you are in the wrong house. They are such an amazing feature to add to a window,while you still get your views outside, you can shut them out to make it dark or more intimate.

Do some research on price and make sure you understand everything that they are offering with your new interior windows. Sometimes the price does not include installation, which is added later. Sometimes they only include clean up as an extra fee to the home owner. You may opt for them to clean up or you may be fine with cleaning it up yourself. Remember after all the dust settles you will have a beautiful new interior with the added security and safety of interior window shutters. When it is all said and done, throw a party or have a get together just to show off your new interior window shutters. Don't be shocked when people are amazed what a difference they made in your home.

This article provided courtesy of http://www.shutter-world.com/

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Simon_Harris

By Simon Harris

Carbon Traders Find Extra Value in China's Vast Methane Reserves

2009-03-16T23:29:00.000-07:00

Americans, the world’s largest polluters, consumed almost four tons of coal per person in 2006. Every ton of coal burned sends more than two tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

By 2009, experts believe China will overtake the United States as the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide.

According to the country’s National Reform and Development Commission (NDRC), China will produce 1.45 trillion kWh of electricity in the first half of 2007. About 75 percent of the China’s energy is generated by coal. By 2050, to serve China’s growing population, the country is expected to add the sum total of Canada’s generating capacity every four years!

While China hopes to rely more upon nuclear, coal is continues taking its toll until the country solves its energy quandary.

On Tuesday, China’s state environmental watchdog reported that more than 62 percent of the country’s cities suffer from air pollution. Thirty-nine cities were placed on the State Environmental Protection Administration’s ‘Black List,” because they suffered severe air pollution.

Seven of those cities are located in China’s northern Shanxi province, the country’s largest coal supplier. Coal-fired power plants are reportedly the major culprit. Many were given preferential pricing terms to install sulfur removal systems. Some took the pricing, but skipped the systems.

China’s runaway pollution has become an international problem.

In early April, an American satellite spotted a dense yellow cloud of gases, chemical and desert sands floating across Seoul (Korea) – emissions from China’s coal-fired smokestacks. This weekend, the Korean government retaliated by launching Greenbelt Plantation Project. The Korean forestry service plans to plant 1.5 million trees in Mongolia to help reduce sandstorms wafting across the Yellow Sea, which bring its residents respiratory illnesses.

It is not that China is ignoring the problem, but that the country’s breakneck GDP growth rate is not only impacting global commodity prices (oil, copper, nickel, uranium, etc), but could also be accelerating the effects of abrupt climate change and global warming.

Just Bad Weather?

One can politely compartmentalize the disrelated weather events which occurred over the past seven days and call those a coincidence, or one can imagine the horrors Dr. James Lovelock has warned could occur as this century unfolds, as he told us a year ago.

A week ago, Cyclone Gonu was recorded as the strongest tropical storm since 1945 in the Arabic Gulf region. It peaked as a Category 5 along the coastline of the Gulf of Oman. At the time, many worried it might disrupt oil exports from the Middle East. It was the first cyclone in recorded history to enter the Gulf of Oman. Eastern Australia was battered by heavy rains and suffered major flooding and landslides this past weekend. So great was the impact that some compared it to 1989’s earthquake, near the same location.

There have been other firsts over the past few years. In 2004, Cyclone Catrina became the first cyclone to form in the South Atlantic and also hit Brazil. In 2005, Hurricane Vince became the first cyclone to hit the Iberian Peninsula. In 2006, super typhoon Chanchu formed in the South China Sea, hitting China, Taiwan, the Philippines and Taiwan.

Many have concluded these could be early warning signs of much greater catastrophes expected as sea waters further warm up.

China Aiming for Solutions

Electricity growth has been the global driver toward more nuclear and more environmentally friendly methods of power generation. For example, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) forecasts an additional 90 gigawatts of electricity would be required over the next twenty-five years in the United States. To generate this new capacity, the DOE calculated it would take 151 coal-powered plants, 100 mid-sized nuclear plants or 60,000 wind turbines.

China’s problem is magnified to accommodate its higher energy intensity per unit of GDP growth. Not to mention its whirlwind growth.

While we discussed several coal-replacement developments in our recent publication, “Investing in China’s Energy Crisis,” one has piqued our interest as more easily implemented. And it is also one where China has focused.

Kyoto Protocol Drives CBM Projects

Clean coal technology is being rapidly advanced in China because of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which is an integral component of the Kyoto Protocol and which China signed in 1998 and approved in 2002. The CDM allows developing countries to sell their ‘certified emission reductions’ (CERs) to the wealthier nations.

By trading CERs, China has developed an additional revenue stream to fund local emission reduction projects. According to the World Bank, China obtained 62.5 percent of the total UN-certified carbon credits in 2006. This amounted to US$3 billion.

One such project benefiting from the CER mechanism is the Jincheng coalbed methane (CBM) power plant, which is scheduled to begin operation this August. At 120,000 kw, it will be the largest of its kind in Asia. Annually, the power plant is expected to transform 180 million cubic meters of CBM gas into 730 million kWh of electricity.

The power plant is attached to the Sihe coal mine from which the intense greenhouse gas will now be used to provide electricity. Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group, which owns the mine and the power plant, received US$150 million in funding in exchange for certified emission reduction credits.

On June 1st, Jiangxi province’s first coalbed methane (CBM)-fired power station was successfully connected to a power grid in this southern Chinese province. It had gone through two months of trial operations. This CBM plant could become a model for similar plants in other Chinese provinces.

There are negotiations for 60 CDM projects currently underway. Of the twenty approved by the state government, most are coalbed methane recovery projects.

China hopes to double the sale of the country’s carbon credits. The next five years could show intensified activity in carbon trading as Japan and Europe rush to the 2012 deadline for meeting their emission reductions targets. Using the present rate of China’s market share as a yardstick, this could mean more than US$7 billion in ‘foreign aid’ in 2007.

Financial institutions are scrambling to deal with the trading action. Fortis Bank, a Belgian Dutch financial group, which has carbon trading desks in Europe and the United States, plans to expand its Hong-Kong trading desk this year to capitalize upon the ‘easy pickings’ of methane projects. Fortis ranks 18th on Fortune’s Global 500 list with 2006 revenues of more than US$112.3 billion.

Fortis’ Asian carbon market director Shane Spurway said, “Methane will probably be one of the most popular projects in the next three to four years.”

While degasifying China’s coal mines helps save lives, the financiers aren’t attracted to methane projects for humanitarian reasons. Because methane gas is far more potent a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, every ton of methane gas captured and utilized is the financial trading equivalent of twenty tons of CO2.

As a result, we believe China’s coalbed methane gas should become a very valuable commodity and attract widespread foreign capital to those companies developing CBM in China. We also suspect that foreign-owned CBM companies developing these projects could become beneficiaries of carbon trading credits – potentially adding cash to their revenue streams.

Until now, coalbed methane projects have lagged in development. The CER mechanism in the Kyoto Protocol shoots them to the top of the list. Carbon traders make money so the CBM projects will become easier to finance. They neither require the capital-intensive component of nuclear energy power plants nor the gamble of an offshore natural gas discovery.

Kyoto’s CERs and China’s CBM projects appear to be a banker’s dream project, for at least the next few years as the world’s richest nations rush to capitalize upon those carbon trading credits.

China’s Guizhou Province

China hopes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by phasing out many obsolete thermal power plants and replacing them with small-scale natural gas or coalbed methane electric power plants. Holding one of the world’s top coal reserves, and the world’s largest producer and consumer of coal, China relies upon coal for its energy. The country’s top experts know coal better than any other energy source.

Consequently, China’s turning to CBM gas as one means of reducing air pollution and continuing to power its double-digit GDP growth is a natural extension for its scientists, miners and environmentalists.

After researching Shanxi province, which hosts one-third of China’s coal reserves, we began studying comparable coal provinces and regions to find which areas had prolific CBM reserves. Guizhou province stood out. It is also about 400 miles northwest of Hong Kong.

In the course of researching the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Coalbed Methane Outreach Program, we were fortunate to uncover an analysis released in late 2005 jointly published by the China Coal Information Institute and the US EPA.

“Guizhou province has the largest coal reserve in southern China as well as rich CBM resources. The CBM reserve in Guizhou is 3.1KB m3, accounting for 22 percent of the total in China.”

Guizhou ranks second behind Shanxi province.

The report continued, “The CBM resources in Guizhou are not only rich but of high quality as well, with the CBM reserve 29KB m3 in the methane-rich areas of over 8 m3 methane per ton coal, accounting for 94 percent of the total amount of local CBM resources.”

This government report also noted the plan was utilize the ‘local rich CBM resources on a large scale.’

As a result, we anticipate Guizhou province may be one of the targets of the certified emission reduction credits. The high quality and abundant CBM reserves could help develop the small-scale CBM plants now operational or under construction to the east and north. The regional population is equivalent to more than 80 percent of the U.S. population.

In April, China announced Guizhou province would utilize 100 million square meters of CBM this year. Later that month, the NDRC announced it would encourage coal mine investors to exploit CBM. In May, a new preferential policy to promote CBM exploitation was announced.

To our knowledge, only one foreign-owned company holds properties in Guizhou province. Pacific Asia China Energy is presently developing its Boatian-Qingshan property in the Longtan coal formation in this province.

In summary, we don’t believe the high-pitched excitement for the next few years will be about China’s nuclear power plants. Certainly there will be growth in China’s nuclear, and over the next decade, nuclear could represent a higher level of electrical capacity. And China has announced it plans to build a strategic uranium reserve. But, the country has also limited the amount of molybdenum it exports (effective earlier this month). Of course, this should drive those metal prices higher.

However through 2012, China’s coal mines and the methane contained in those mines is more likely to be a major energy driver in attracting foreign capital. After all, carbon trading credits can’t be taken lightly. The CERs are attracting foreign investment, bringing the country new technologies and gifting the Chinese government billions of dollars for trying to reduce their air pollution.

James Finch contributes to StockInterview.com and other publications. His recent work, “Investing in China’s Energy Crisis,” is now available at http://bookstore.stockinterview.com/CBM-ebook.html

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=James_Finch

By James Finch

Commodity Futures Trading - Trade Commodities For Profits

2009-03-16T23:27:00.000-07:00

Exposure to real assets can be achieved through commodity futures trading on one of the many global commodity exchanges across the world. There is a long history to the development of the commodity futures contract, and the 21st century markets make use of the latest trading technology to the extent that significantly more trade is now done electronically.

You may have an image of men and women in colorful jackets shouting instructions to each other across the trading floor or perhaps today a more detached view of trading commodities via remote computers across the world, perhaps in an office or even a bedroom at home.

Such is the power of the internet that it can facilitate an electronic trading platform even for small retail investors and traders.

Futures contracts mean a buyer say of orange juice and the plantation owner need never meet each other to do business. Or the cocoa farmer in West Africa need not know the chocolate factory owner who buys futures for delivery of a few tonnes of his quality cocoa beans.

It is the nature of commodities as fungible assets that they can be traded in this way because they are the same so long as they meet strict quality criteria and are traded under standardised contracts.

A commodity futures exchange will set out the criteria on which it will accept a commodity for futures trading. Potential buyers who take physical delivery of commodities from the exchange's warehouse can have confidence that the product conforms with quality standards.

For example, if you are looking to buy Arabica coffee futures you will need to know what is the quality or basis of the bean and whether it trades at a premium or a discount to a benchmark coffee, and this will be partly determined by its origin.

The futures contract can either be executed electronically on one of the numerous electronic trading platforms linked to the major commodity exchanges or by the traditional open outcry method on the floor of the exchange.

The basic form of a futures contract is that it must state a location and date for physical delivery of the particular commodity.

A look at the various commodities will show the delivery months, when for example, crude oil will be delivered in Cushing, Oklahoma or which months physical cocoa is delivered from West Africa or Latin America to US ports such as Baltimore, Hampton Roads or New York.

Futures contracts must also show clearly the standard amount of the commodity being sold or bought. For example, the standard futures contract for ICE Futures US Robusta Coffee is 37,500 pounds.

And if you get into commodity futures trading you will need to be sure about which contract is being traded. For example, if you trade ICE Futures Europe Coal, is it the Rotterdam or Richards Bay contract. Or if you are into crude oil on the same exchange, are you trading ICE Brent, Middle East Sour or WTI Light, sweet?

Payment is an important consideration and this must be settled at the close of business each day. Look how different it is to trading shares where you get settlement after three days.

An interesting point to note in commodity futures trading is that the price at which you will sell or buy the commodities at a future point in time is fixed. Yet the market price of the actual contract will fluctuate according to forces of supply and demand in the market at that time.

So if there was, for example, serious flooding in South African mines which produce platinum, you may see a sudden sharp rise in platinum futures prices in anticipation of falling supplies in the near term, other things being equal.

Another important consideration in commodity futures trading is the concept of leverage. A commodity trader can control a much larger sized contract than she could if using 100% capital. Trading on margin means you may only have to put down between 3 and 10 per cent of the contract size.

This way it is possible to make substantial profits with derivatives such as commodity futures, but equally you can suffer a very large loss of capital. Let's say you go long oil at $45 and the market retreats to $32 a barrel, then you are sitting on a potential loss of $13 a barrel, which for one contract would be $13,000.

If your margin is tested you will get a margin call from your broker asking you to make more funds available to maintain your account margin.

Clearly the leverage or gearing effect in commodity futures trading is exciting if the market moves as you predict, but equally can create huge losses if it moves the other way, truly a double edged sword.

Such risks are inevitable given the structure of derivatives and if you are considering entering the world of commodity futures trading you are strongly advised to seek professional advice from your financial adviser.

William Davies writes for Commodity Trading Today, an informational and educational resource on commodities and markets

You can get free trading alerts and articles from the Commodity Universe Newsletter at http://www.commodity-trading-today.com/commodity-future-trading.html

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=William_Davies

By William Davies

Downtrends - Why and When

2009-03-15T21:35:00.000-07:00

Basic System in Business Cycles

Based on 'Solar Functional Energy' Cycle Model

By K.M. PANDIT

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Kanti_Mohan_Pandit

By Kanti Mohan Pandit

Lower Your Taxes By Investing In Fine Art

2009-03-15T21:34:00.000-07:00

Are you tired of living in a "White Water World" with too much personal debt created by policies from self serving politicians in Washington and their fat cat friends on Wall Street?

As a result of their greed, approximately 3 millions homes are in foreclosure and 1.4million jobs have been lost on Main Street driven by the sub prime mortgage meltdown. In fact, the average American has a mortgage debt of $84,900, car and tuition loans of $14,400, home-equity loans of $10,060, and credit card debt of $8,565 for a total of $117,925. And yet, the average household savings is only $392. Today, many people are struggling to afford health care coverage, and are only one serious medical illness away from bankruptcy. They are sweating over their pensions and feel the pain every stop at the gas station, grocery store, and mortgage payment. Whether it is health insurance, finances, or jobs, the Middle Class is fighting to keep from drowning in debt hoping things will get better and praying for a solution! The problem is that we are in uncharted territory here without a compass or map.

How did we ever get into this mess in the first place, and more importantly, how can we get out?

The path to financial and personal freedom can be a rocky one at best. However the good news is that there is a way to get there. Let me explain. Building wealth is a huge responsibility. If done right, it is a tremendous achievement. However, you cant get there without a plan, and to do that, you need to seek out information where you can get training on wealth creation. The following scenario illustrates why so many Americans are struggling financially in the greatest country in the world. If you recall the hit movie "The Firm" with Tom Cruise, one of the characters "Sonny" an American citizen who lives in the Cayman Islands, earns $17 million dollars annually. And yet, Sonny only pays 4% of his income to the IRS. However back in the real world, an average upper middle class American family earning $150,000 pays approximately 31% in taxes (income/capital gains, and AMT)! Why such a huge discrepancy in marginal tax rates? The reality is that Sonny can afford to pay his tax attorneys $800-$1000 per hour, (which is tax deductible) to create sophisticated legal strategies to reduce his taxable income, whereas most American families cannot. In fact, to quote John Grisham, the author of The Firm, also a tax attorney, "It's a game. We teach the rich how to play it so they can stay rich, and the IRS keeps changing the rules. So we keep getting richer teaching the rich how to play the new game." It's now time for you to learn how to level the playing field and eliminate the burden of paying high taxes! However before you run, you must learn how to walk."But how?" you ask.

Keep reading, and as you discover the lessons learned from this financial crises, you will learn that change is good!

First, you need to understand how the US Tax System works. Since there are 68,000 pages and 2.8 million words of legalese in the tax code, you simply don't have enough time. However, there is a better way. But before we get to that, a little history lesson might help explain how things got so convoluted. In 1943 the Income Tax Act was passed and made it possible for the government to get paid before any employee. Forty-three years later, the 1986 Tax Reform Act brought in more sweeping changes. It penalized licensed professionals whereby they could no longer take advantage of loopholes that corporations or business owners use to reduce their taxes. This resulted in the Savings and Loan Crash, and caused trillions of dollars of American real estate to drop in value by 25-30% within a few months. If you take a look at the current economic conditions, we are now in the middle of a Financial Storm! Most American families are trying desperately to keep from drowning in debt, paying excessive taxes on what they earn, save, invest and spend. To put this in context, we have become modern day slaves on the plantation. And, in order to escape from being an indentured servant, you need to learn how to maximize your earnings. To do that, you need a sound strategy to legally reduce your taxes. You also need to diversify your investments as US currency is losing its value. And how exactly can you do that? Did you know that the Fine Art Market is one of the safest investments in history in addition to being one of the best tax advantaged vehicles there is? Is it any wonder why the Rich and Famous have been leveraging the Art Market to reduce taxes and create wealth for generations? They understand the Golden Rule-principles of less risk and more patience.

Why Fine Art?

Investment experts have long recommended portfolio diversification, and that 15-20% of those investments be devoted to tangible assets such as Fine Art. In today's political and economic environment, here are just four reasons why your portfolio should include this asset class:

1-Fine Art offers outstanding price appreciation and profit potential.

2-Fine Art has been a safe haven in times of war, political strife and uncertainty.

3-Fine Art has been a solid hedge against a declining US dollar.

4-Fine Art is an excellent vehicle to reduce your taxes.

Up till this point you have listened to the "GURUS" on Wall Street backed by their friends in Washington to invest in real estate, stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. And where exactly has that advice gotten you? In "White Water" fighting for your life in the current Financial Storm! It's time to get out of your comfort zone and learn how wealth is created.

You can now have a plan to get to a safe harbor and create real wealth by using the same tax laws as the Rich and Famous. In fact, even though volatile markets have bruised several of their fortunes, contemporary art prices have appreciated significantly and provided an unexpected hedge for their portfolios. The only question on your mind at this point should be "OK, but how do I go about participating in the Fine Art Market?" That is a great question. Just keep your ears open and eyes peeled and seek all the information that's available on this subject.

I wish you all the success in the world in taking control of your financial future.

Carpe diem!

The content of this article was inspired by a special report you can have for FREE at the link listed in the resource box below

William Powell, Founder and Managing Partner of PIA, has produced the breakthrough special report entitled "Survive and Prosper from the Financial Storm: Tax Strategies that the Rich Know, and Others Don't"
This timely and provocative report is available for Free if you act now. In it, you will learn the principles of leverage used in the Fine Art Market. This information will open your eyes to a whole new world of tax reduction and wealth creation strategies that the wealthy have been enjoying for generations.
Take the first step to designing the life you want to live and get your free copy now at: http://www.helpwithmytaxes.net

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By William Powell

If the PGA Tour Falls in the "Woods", Does New Golf Apparel Make a Sound?

2009-03-15T21:31:00.000-07:00

I LOVE GOLF and play it as frequently as I can, at least when we live in a warm climate where you can play all year round. Instead to taking my son sledding today, I would have rather taken him to the driving range or out for a round of father/son seeing nature by looking for golf balls in the trees wearing my new golf apparel. So it was a complete surprise to me that the season actually started this weekend with the Mercedes-Benz Championship played on The Plantation Course in Kapalua on the Island of Maui. This is a tournament that truly lives up to the name "championship" since you have to be a winner during the previous PGA season to be invited and the facilities are nothing short of golf nirvana! If you have never played a round of golf there, it is a must play for anyone that loves the game. It starts with the one of the most impressive clubhouses you will ever enter; complete with every amenity one can think of and is stocked full of the new golf apparel that we love - golf apparel that hangs in my closet. Once you leave the clubhouse, you will find a physically challenging golf course full of "land texture" that creates countless blind shots and the need to constantly analyze club selection depending on whether the shot is uphill vs. down and how the trade winds will affect the shot - they are always strong and always a factor. The breath-taking ocean views only add to the total golf experience. While I personally prefer to play at the Wailea Golf Club where the Senior Skins Event has frequently been held, The Plantation is a must play course for the golf lover; even though it will set you back about $300 a round.

So how do I get more than half way through an article about the PGA Tour and not even talk about the opening event of the season? If the Mercedes-Benz Championship were The Sopranos, it would be in the witness protection program since it has been held in virtual media seclusion. Why? NFL Playoffs? College Basketball? Nope, they are always competitors during the opening weekend. It is the lack of Tiger Woods playing early this season as he recovers from his knee surgery that has created a total lack of interest for so many fans. A normal season would start with a blitz of media coverage on how many majors Tiger has, will win, and who will be his primary competitors. Golf fans love to love him and love to hate him - either way they follow him and that drives golf. Normally, we would have at least one player pop off that the PGA Tour is more than just Tiger to create a little controversy that results in additional coverage on channels other than ESPN and the Golf Channel, places where average people realize that golf has started again.

So what does this all mean to the athletic apparel industry in terms of golf interest? It means that fewer people will be tuning into golf which will lead to few golf shirts, golf shorts, hats, clubs, and all things golf will have lower sales. Besides new golf apparel, it means fewer rounds of golf will be played since the sport will be out of sight, out of mind. It means that the sport will suffer even more than it otherwise wood, spelling error intended, in our soft economy. The only recent golf headlines were generated by Tiger and his efforts to save the US car industry from economic failure by letting Buick out of the endorsement contract it had with him. The sound without Tiger is deafening - deafening silence from the fans not at events, not watching on TV, and not ringing cash registers that are not selling golf apparel. Without Tiger and to quote Simon & Garfunkel, "it is the sounds of silence."

Rob is available for media interviews and can be reached at 602-774-0768.

Rob Schmidt is the owner of several internet properties and a web development business named http://www.nvhost.com that specializes in web design, web hosting, and search engine optimization. Rob has an MBA in Marketing from the University of Minnesota - Carlson School of business and spent 10 years of brand management experience managing small brands to ones with revenues over $100MM before becoming an entrepreneur. Readers will come to love Rob's dry wit and his exposure of a politically correct world gone crazy.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Rob_D_Schmidt

By Rob D Schmidt

Home Interior Design Tips and Guide

2009-03-15T21:30:00.000-07:00

One great way to do your own home interior design is to use home interior design software. This is a special software that allows you to basically decorate your home on your computer before you actually implement any ideas. This is perfect if you are going to rearrange furniture or paint. When you move furniture around it is difficult and usually requires help. You do not want to spend all day lugging a heavy couch from one end of the living room to the next. Instead, you can try out all different possible scenarios on the design software. In addition, this software is great for paint. While only the best grade design software will have a wide variety of colors to choose from, even with cheaper design software you can get a basic idea of colors and if they go well together.

Many people neglect to use their local home improvement store for more than just nails and hammers. You may not even know that home improvement stores, for the most part, have many things to help people do their own home interior design. Look into your local home improvement store's do it yourself schedule. Many of these stores have workshops to help you learn basic home interior design concepts. There are workshops on unique painting styles, color pairings, and how to build unique pieces of furniture or wall decorations for your home. All of these workshops could help you in any room that you want to design in your home.

Finally, remember to look through the paint section in whatever store you go to. Most paints are arranged in compatible orders. Each paint strip has several accent colors on it. If you want different colors that go well together, look for a booklet near the paint strips. Many of these booklets will give you colors and accent colors that go well together. These can take the guess work out of home interior design, making you feel confident about your design choices.

Percy Troughton runs his own garden center as well as running several home improvement based websites. Check out these great Interior Design Online ideas articles and guides or other Internet Design Online information.

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By Percy Troughton

Joe Vitale Plantation Harbor Rock Music CD Review

2009-03-15T21:26:00.000-07:00

Plantation Harbor is the latest Rock CD released by the highly talented Joe Vitale who once again has delivered a brilliant collection of tracks. I’m confident Joe Vitale fans, and Rock fans alike will be pleased with this one.

It's a rare day indeed that I get a CD from an artist that I can truthfully say does not have a bad track in the bunch. I'm more than happy to announce that’s exactly what I must say about this one. There simply isn’t a bad one in the bunch. No fillers here at all.

One of the refreshingly nice things about this CD is the way all of the participating artists seem to be really enjoying themselves. Combine that with the overall presentation and you’ve got one of Joe Vitale’s most impressive releases ever.

Overall Plantation Harbor is an outstanding release. What I call must have music. I give it two thumbs up and is most definitely a worthy addition to any Rock collection. Truly an outstanding Rock CD. One of those that is completely void of any wasted time, as each track is simply superb.

While this entire CD is really very good some of my favorites are track 2 - Never Gonna Leave You Alone, track 4 - Man Gonna Love You, and track 9 - I’m Flyin’

My Bonus Pick, and the one that got Sore [...as in "Stuck On REpeat"] is track 1 - Plantation Harbor. Great track!

Plantation Harbor Release Notes:

Joe Vitale originally released Plantation Harbor on July 31, 2002 on the Wounded Bird Records label.

CD Track List Follows:

1. Plantation Harbor 2. Never Gonna Leave You Alone (Crazy 'Bout You Baby) 3. Laugh-Laugh 4. Man Gonna Love You 5. Theme From Cabin Weirdos 6. Lady On The Rock 7. Bamboo Jungle 8. Sailor Man 9. I'm Flyin'

Plantation Harbor Album Notes Personnel includes: Joe Vitale (vocals, flute, electric piano, Clavinet, organ, synthesizer, vibraphone, drums, percussion); Joe Walsh, Don Felder (guitar); Paul Harris (piano, Clavinet); Bobby Mayo (Clavinet); George "Chocolate" Perry (bass, background vocals); Joe Lala (percussion); Stephen Sills, Graham Nash, Timothy B. Walsh (background vocals).

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By Clyde Lee Dennis

Commodity Futures Trading - Trade Commodities For Profits

2009-03-12T00:17:00.000-07:00

Such is the power of the internet that it can facilitate an electronic trading platform even for small retail investors and traders.

The basic form of a futures contract is that it must state a location and date for physical delivery of the particular commodity.

Futures contracts must also show clearly the standard amount of the commodity being sold or bought. For example, the standard futures contract for ICE Futures US Robusta Coffee is 37,500 pounds.

Payment is an important consideration and this must be settled at the close of business each day. Look how different it is to trading shares where you get settlement after three days.

If your margin is tested you will get a margin call from your broker asking you to make more funds available to maintain your account margin.

William Davies writes for Commodity Trading Today, an informational and educational resource on commodities and markets.

You can get free trading alerts and articles from the Commodity Universe Newsletter at http://www.commodity-trading-today.com/commodity-future-trading.html

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=William_Davies

By William Davies

Painting Kitchen Cabinets to Save Money

2009-03-12T00:16:00.000-07:00

If replacing your cabinetry is too expensive for your budget, after cabinet refacing, painting kitchen cabinets is the least expensive option and can really transform your kitchen. Plus this kitchen remodeling job can be accomplished over a long weekend or about 3 days with the right kind of preparation and planning. Depending on the area of the country you live in it is probably not a good idea to do this type of job in the winter months because you will need to have windows and doors open because of fumes from the paint and primer.

Kitchen cabinets take up most of the wall space in most kitchens and because of this by making a change in the look of your kitchen cabinets as in painting, you can greatly improve the look of the entire kitchen.

Whether you want to lighten up dark cabinets or brighten them up with bold colors, paint can provide an instant makeover for almost all types of cabinets. Because of problems of paint adhering well to laminate and melamine cabinets, it isn't recommended to paint these types.

Painting your kitchen cabinets can be the fastest and easiest method to update a tired worn-out looking kitchen and increase the value of your home. Painting the cabinets is a simple and low-cost alternative to an expensive kitchen-remodeling job. Painting the kitchen cabinets can give them a fresh new look.
Painting kitchen cabinets will save you money while making it look like you spent a lot on remodeling your kitchen.

You can easily change the kitchen cabinet accessories such as the cabinet knobs and handles. You can leave the insides of the kitchen cabinets alone except the insides of the doors to save even more money on the job and the hassle of having to take out everything that is inside the cabinets.

Preparing the Kitchen Cabinetry for Painting

First you can begin by take off the doors removing any screws and all the hardware from the cabinets.
Make sure to clean the cabinets thoroughly before starting to paint with a wood cleaner containing orange oil. This type of cleaner is good for removing grease. If there is any grease, oils or even a little dirt the paint may not adhere to the wood surface correctly. Make sure the surface is totally dry before applying the primer.

Now check for any rough areas on the doors and the cabinet base, sand them down, and wipe away any dust or sawdust from the surface.

Apply an even coat of primer-sealer to the cabinet doors, starting in the center and following the grain of the wood. By using primer-sealer you will not have to sand down and degloss the wood before painting it.

Painting the Cabinetry

When it comes to the choice of the type of paint either a high-gloss or a semigloss paint are recommended for cabinets. Some people feel that semigloss can provide a richer finish however.
Use a good quality brush for applying the paint. This will insure a more superior finish. As with the application of the primer-sealer you should start in the center and follow the grain. Two or three coats are required to achieve a good quality finish. The paint should be allowed to dry about four hours per coat. Using thin coats make for fewer brushstrokes and less time for drying.

Once you have all the doors painted, start on the bases. Follow the same steps you did for the doors: sand, clean, seal, then paint. You will not have to worry about doing the inside of the cabinets. It will only be necessary to tape off the edges for a clean finish and just leave them as they are. However
you might want to start thinking about replacing the hardware for the drawers and doors to totally complete your new kitchen look.

If you proceed carefully and follow all the necessary steps, you should have a like new kitchen with a fresh look to be proud of.

James Mahoney is the author of many kitchen design articles, visit at Kitchen Designers Ideas.com. If you want to find out more about kitchen design software go to Kitchen Design Software. He also publishes a newsletter on kitchen design. For more about kitchen remodeling advice go to kitchen remodeling advice

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=James_Mahoney

By James Mahoney

Selecting Your Interior Design Agent

2009-03-12T00:15:00.000-07:00

What to Consider

Once you have decided to find a Michigan interior design agent to assist you, there will be several things to consider to make sure that you have chosen the best professional for your needs. This can ensure that you will be able to enjoy the results. First of all, keep in mind that when it comes to Michigan interior design, just like everywhere else, there are a wide variety of styles and a wide variety of different ways of designing a home's interior.

This means that each of the Michigan interior design agents that you talk to is going to have a different idea of what should be done in your home. And chances are, you already have some thoughts and ideas of your own.

This is why the key step in finding a Michigan interior design agency that fits your needs is to invest time to talk privately with each of the prospective designers and take a look at what they suggest for your home.

You will want to discuss your ideas for the space, and then listen to their ideas. If it is something doesn't sound right to you, or an idea that you don't think you are going to like, the chances are good this person is not going to be the right Michigan interior design agent for your needs.

You are going to be happier, and better off, if you talk to each of the Michigan interior design agents separately and listen to their input. Be certain that you choose one with whom you can feel comfortable, and whose ideas appeal to you. This is one of the most important facets of getting involved in Michigan interior design.

When all is said and done, this is your house, and you will be the one who will have to live with it. Therefore, you need to make sure that no matter who you choose as your Michigan interior design agent, that professional is going to fit your needs and your life, as well staying within your budget.

You can also find more info on interior design software. Interiordesignbliss.com is a comprehensive resource which provide information about interior designs.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Frank_Burris

By Frank Burris

Review of the Andrew Hill CD Passing Ships

2009-03-12T00:13:00.000-07:00

Passing Ships is the latest Jazz CD released by the richly talented Andrew Hill who once again has delivered a brilliant collection of tracks. I’m confident Andrew Hill fans, and Jazz fans alike will be pleased with this one.

I wish it weren’t the case but, it’s not everyday that I get a CD from an artist that I can just pop in and comfortably listen to from beginning to end. There is usually a song or two that I just can’t force myself to get through. Not at all the case with Passing Ships. Every track is enjoyable and was pretty easy for me to listen to from start to finish.

Overall Passing Ships is outstanding from beginning to end. One of those CDs that after a few listens the songs are just etched into your memory. A must have for the Jazz fan. Really spectacular from beginning to end.

While this entire CD is outstanding some of my favorites are track 2 - Passing Ships, track 5 - The Brown Queen, and track 7 - Yesterday’s Tomorrow

My Bonus Pick, and the one that got Sore [...as in "Stuck On REpeat"] is track 1 - Sideways. Good stuff!

Passing Ships Release Notes:

Andrew Hill originally released Passing Ships on October 7, 2003 on the Blue Note Records label.

CD Track List Follows:

1. Sideways 2. Passing Ships 3. Plantation Bag 4. Noon Tide 5. The Brown Queen 6. Cascade 7. Yesterday's Tomorrow

Recorded at the Van Gelder Studio, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey on November 7, 1969. Includes liner notes by Michael Cuscuna.

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By Clyde Lee Dennis

Investing From Boone Hall to Iron Duke

2009-03-12T00:11:00.000-07:00

During a recent trip with my family to Georgia and South Carolina, I had a very interesting day that highlights booth the massive changes and the continuities in our economy as wealth is created and destroyed.

It started on a beautiful spring morning with a visit to Boone Hall, one of America’s oldest working plantations located just outside Charleston. It took us just twenty minutes to reach the plantation from Charleston but in the mid 1800s the journey took nine hours. One can easily imagine life in the 1800s here including a row of brick slave housing which is now a museum to remind visitors of this deplorable institution. A tour gave some insights as to how the economics of the plantation worked. A major product was pecans which believe it or not went for a dollar a pound way back in the 1800s. This was big money then and still sounds expensive today to a cheapskate like me. From the clay creek bed behind the Boone mansion came raw material for making bricks with an annual production of several millions per year. Fort Sumter was built with these bricks.

But it still was a precarious existence as hurricanes eventually wiped out the pecan trees and the brick business became uncompetitive. Capital from the north swept in to purchase the plantation and Boone Hall is now primarily a tourist attraction. Each owner of Boone Hall plantation was an entrepreneur experimenting with different crops and methods and trying to figure out how to make money and deal with changes in the weather and economy.

That afternoon we traveled to a suburb of Atlanta to stay with some friends for the weekend. My first thought upon turning into their wonderful development was that, my gosh, every one of these beautiful homes on streets like Iron Duke was far nicer and larger than the Boone Hall mansion I had visited that very morning. This is certainly progress when so many can live in homes so much better than the handful at the pinnacle of wealth only 150 years ago.

I also thought about what generates the wealth to acquire these mansions. Over brandy and fine Cuban cigars, my friend, who works with a global multinational and I talked it over. First there were professionals, doctors, lawyers with steady, predictable incomes. Next are people like my friend, executives with global corporations. Here life is more unpredictable. Extensive travel, fierce global competition, office politics on a global scale, relocation and the risk of being on the street after a merger or takeover makes life unpredictable – a bit like the challenges faced by the owners of Boone Hall.

The last group is the intrepid entrepreneurs who start and manage small businesses. Here both the upside and downside is stark. Most fail but the successful build wealth and security which would dwarf the dreams of the Boone family.

As investors, we navigate these same options. We can invest in the iShares S&P Global 100 (IOO) which offers exposure to the world’s largest 100 multinationals or the Diamond (DIA) which tracks 30 stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

But don’t forget to take a stake in the smaller companies which by the way are not all that small. When I started in the business, smallcap stocks meant companies with market values around $100 million. Now the largest companies in smallcap ETF have market values over $3 billion.

Keep in mind that small cap ETFs are not all the same. Let’s compare two of the most popular, the iShares Russell 2000 (IWM) and the S&P SmallCap 600 (IJR).

The Russell 2000 ETF basket has about 2000 companies with market caps ranging from just $14 million to over $4 billion. Its leading sectors are finance with 24.1% of the basket followed by consumer discretionary companies with 19.6%. It is up 3.4% so far this year and trades at a price to earnings ration of just under 30.

The S&P Smallcap 600 ETF has 600 companies with a market cap beginning at $64 million and the largest company in the ETF basket reaches $3.66 billion in market value. Its leading sector allocations are information technology and industrial companies with both accounting for 16.9% of the basket. It is up 4.7% this year and offers better value trading in at 22 times earnings.

I lean towards the S&P SmallCap 600 based on its leading sectors and valuation but either will be a welcome addition to your global ETF portfolio. Another consideration is to how they perform in a bad market. The Russell 2000 was down 20.5% in 2002 while the S&P 600 was down 14.6%.

Another reason I think smaller companies have done so well is that they are at least partially protected from the increasing powerful global competition which has many multinationals fighting a headwind.

My final thought is that investors today have so many more choices as to where to put our capital than the proprietors of Boone Hall. This is a blessing but also a challenge with the risk of making things too complicated. Take some time out and think through where your hard earned money is invested. Keep it simple and global.

Carl is President of the global investment advisory firm Chartwell Partners. He is a columnist on global investing with Forbes and writes the “Global Gambits” column for Forbes Asia and is also the editor of the Chartwell ETF Global Advisor investment newsletter and the http://www.ChartwellETFadvisor.com advisory website. He is the author of “Think Global, Grow Rich” and “The New Global ETF Investor” and, during the administration of George H.W. Bush, served on the Executive Board of Directors of the Asian Development Bank in Manila, Philippines.

Carl was a Vice President and opened Asia-Pacific markets for the investment bank Robert W. Baird & Company and a global ETF specialist with the Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS).

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By Carl Delfeld

All About Bathroom Interior Design

2009-03-10T19:00:00.000-07:00

Although similar to interior decorating, interior design takes it a step further because it relates to not only the way a room looks, but also the way the space is utilized. No where in the home is this more important than when it comes to bathroom interior design. Here's a look at some of your different options when it comes to interior design of the bathroom.

The Tub

One of the most important points to consider in bathroom interior design is your family's needs. Are you limited on space in your bathroom? If so, then an interior designer may advise replacing the bathtub with something smaller like a shower stall instead. This takes up less space and creates extra room for other things. Now, if you are someone who enjoys taking a bath, the interior design of the bathroom can always take this into account and include a larger tub. They will simply add in the bigger tub and make changes in other areas.

The Vanity And Sink

The sink is another area to take into account with any bathroom interior design. Today, we see many homes that feature a stand alone sink instead of a large vanity. While that opens up the bathroom, it also can bring in a problem with storage space. So, an interior designer will look for ways to design and incorporate shelf space that will be needed.

The Toilet

Although this is not a huge area of concern with any bathroom interior design it may need changing. Due to the fact that design is not only about what is in the bathroom, but also in how it is positioned, you may see it moved or changed.

The interior designer will take all of the features and measurements and use software to come up with several designs. This software does it all and even allows you to see various color schemes and how it all fits together. When finished, you will have the bathroom you've always dreamed of. Bathroom interior design will not only improve the amount of space in any bathroom, but it will also give your home increased value in the future.

By the way, you can find out more about Bathroom Interior Design as well as much more information on everything to do with interior design at http://www.InteriorDesignA-Z.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Terry_Edwards

By Terry Edwards

Landscaping Design Made Easy

2009-03-10T18:58:00.002-07:00

Landscaping design can be made much easier by using landscaping software. If your creativity is running low concerning your lawn, then landscaping software can help you to get some ideas on how to design your landscaping plan. This is a great tool to help you design your landscaping plan because you can input your dimensions, determine your plan, and then print it off so that you can go buy the materials needed.

Help With Your Landscaping Design
If you are looking for some ideas for landscaping, then you will want to consider getting some landscaping software. By using this software, you will be able to get a firsthand look at how your landscape will look after you complete your work. It will be displayed on the screen just as if you were watching a television show.

Landscaping Instructions
Most of the landscape software packages will also give you step-by-step directions on how to complete your project. This will give you clear direction from start to finish. This is the right choice for you if you are someone who needs detailed directions to complete a project completely. It will also help you with determining what materials that you need to complete your project. What could be better than that?

Creating Software For Your Ideas
Creating your own landscaping software is a great way to show other people your effort and work. This is also the best way to sell your imagination and creativity. You can even sell your own software if you want to. Building software can be done in the privacy and comfort of your own home and you can find directions on how to do this online or at your local computer store.

Find the Software Needed
You can find landscaping software in many different places. The most common sources are an electronics outlet or computer store, but other sources for landscaping software is catalogs or even online. There is a big price range in landscaping software, but in this case, the more expensive ones may be easier to use and better for your landscaping planning.

Whether you are purchasing software for yourself or for your business, you will find that using landscaping software makes your planning easier. With landscaping software, you can see exactly what the landscape design will look like. In no time at all, you will be enjoying the landscaping design that you have yearned for.

Andrew Caxton is a journalist who has written more articles and newsletters on this subject for http://www.lawn-mowers-and-garden-tractors.com Find more publications about landscaping at his website.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Andrew_Caxton

By Andrew Caxton

Plantation Shutters Help Make Your House a Home

2009-03-10T18:58:00.001-07:00

When you are considering window treatments for your home, it is important to know about many different options, besides curtains or standard miniblinds. As more people are putting money into their homes, it is easy to see why they are opting for something different. Plantation shutters offer many different looks for a home. You can use them to create a very traditional look and feel, but they can also be a more modern touch if you use a colored finish, rather than just a stained wood. There are so many options to condsider when you are choosing which plantation shutters are right for your home.

Once you have decided to go with a shutter, you must decide on which material is right for your home. Wood is very durable, can be painted or stained, and is a renuable resource, for those interested in using materials which are considered earth friendly. These shutters offer privacy, heat insulation, sound insulation and light control. The nice thing about shutters is that you can control, very easily, the amount of light that you let into each room. Also, when your home has an outstanding view you can set up your blinds to allow people to be able to see outside and enjoy the view, while still having some privacy.

The louver size determines how big of an opening you have when the blinds are opened. They can range from and inch and a quarter, to four and one half inches. It is a good idea to look at each of the different sizes and determine which type of opening would be appropriate for each room. A room with a view, for example, would be more likely to have the larger louver size, so that when the shutter is opened you can see out and enjoy the view. A bathroom or bedroom might be a good room to use the smaller louver size. This is because even when they are open, there is still a relatively small opening to see in and out of.

Overall, plantation shutters are a wonderful way to add elegance to your home, while also providing it with some practical uses and wonderful finished appearance. They are a simple way to make your house stand out from the others, and add a personal touch based on the color choices and sizes you choose for your home. Compared to finished product, the cost for plantation shutters is very reasonable overall.

Simon Harris writers about Plantation Shutters at http://www.shutter-world.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Simon_Harris

By Simon Harris

Add Ambiance to Your Home With Plantation Shutters

2009-03-10T18:57:00.000-07:00

When decorating your home, you may be interested in creating a certain mood or atmosphere. One way to add ambiance to your home is to install plantation shutters. Plantation shutters can lend charm and beauty to the windows and rooms of your home. These shutters are available in a wide variety of sizes, styles and finishes. A very popular choice for plantation shutters is when they are painted white. These type of shutters painted white can offer a clean and fresh look to your kitchen, bathroom or living area. If you would like a more rustic look, then you may want to choose a wood finish.

However, the wood finish does not have to be rustic, it can also be quite elegant. Some companies also offer plantation shutters in other colors besides white. For an additional charge, you may even find a company that will custom paint the shutters to your specifications. Plantation shutters also come several different materials. One of the materials these type of shutters are composed of is wood. They are also composed of faux wood, which is made of materials such as polyvinyl, composites and MDF. Some individual's may turn up their nose at the mention of faux wood, but many times faux wood is a wonderful imitation of the real thing. Faux wood products are great in high moisture areas, as well, such as the kitchen or bathroom. They also will not suffer wear and tear as real wood shutters will.

Louvers are also another consideration for those interested in buying plantation shutters. Louvers can be stationary or movable. If the shutters are to be installed in an area where you would not find the occasion to open the louvers, then a fixed louver shutter would be an excellent choice. However, if you are interested in allowing light to come in through the shutters, then movable louvers would be the best option. The louver sizes also vary. The size of the louver should not only depend on the look you find most attractive, but also on how much light you are interested in letting in through the plantation shutters. Louvers come in sizes up to five and one half inches. Whatever type of plantation shutters you are interested in installing, you are sure to enjoy the ambiance they will add to your home.

Learn more about Plantation Shutters

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Simon_Harris

By Simon Harris

Advantages of Plantation Shutters

2009-03-10T18:55:00.000-07:00

There are so many different options for window coverings for your home. These include blinds, shades, curtains, louvers, and shutters. One option that many people don't think about when they are looking for window treatments is plantation shutters. There are a lot of advantages to getting plantation shutters.

Plantation shutters are one option that can really improve the looks of your windows. These shutters look great, and usually look so nice you don't even need to add a valance or curtains like you do with blinds or shades. They are usually made of wood, wood composite, or imitation wood. They can be custom made to fit any window, even those with odd shapes and curves that are hard to fit with many window treatment options. There are many different types of finishes and colors, so they can be made to match the décor in your house.

Plantation shutters are also long lasting. Blinds and shades can wear out relatively quickly, sometimes within only a couple years. Metal blinds can get bent, and vinyl shades can tear. Fabric shades and blinds can get dusty and dingy looking and be difficult to clean. However, plantation shades are much sturdier and much less likely to wear out in a short time. They are also easily dusted so that they can be kept looking nice and clean.

Plantation shutters also offer great options for light control. You can adjust the louvers on the shutters to let in however much light you desire. You can close the louvers to block out most of the light, and open them wide to let in all available light. The louvers also add to your privacy as it is difficult to see in the windows from outside. However, as long as the louvers aren't all the way closed, you can still get a good view of the outside of your house.

Plantation shutters can also offer some insulating properties, making it easier to keep your home the temperature you wish. This is especially true of some of the shutters made of imitation wood, such as those made out of Thermalite. The imitation wood is very similar in looks and feel to wood, but much cheaper as well as more insulating.

Learn more about Plantation Shutters by visiting http://www.shutter-world.com/

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Simon_Harris

By Simon Harris

Tiki Bar and Tiki Hut Headquarters

2009-03-05T21:55:00.000-08:00

A Tiki bar creates an amazing atmosphere that must somehow conjure up the lost spirits of ancient man, which these days ends up in - a party! When people see a Tiki hut bar, they just somehow shift into instant party mode, the conversation flows and the great times begin.

Have you ever seen these "grass huts"? They're often found at resorts, in the Carribean islands, at restaurants and occasionally, in people's own back yards. They're catching on in popularity, and for good reason. They provide a great addition to any poolside venue, and create a distinctive, island type atmosphere that most people only get to experience when on vacations.

There are a couple of kinds of Tiki bars. The "portable" Tiki bar is a smaller version, whereas the "Tiki hut" is the larger house-like structure, which often contains both a bar, seating areas, tables and decking. The unmistakable element of both types is the thatched roofing, a type of roofing that goes back many centuries and that's been used by cultures across the world.

A Tiki bar has that rustic feel of the islands, and looks like something the natives should be hovering around any minute. That's usually true - it's the party animals that just can wait to turn on some classic Jimmy Buffet music, crank up the blenders and let the good times flow!

A quality custom Tiki bar costs many thousands of dollars, due to its quality construction and workmanship. These bars have the telltale thatched roofing, made of palm leaves and other special materials. This roof is what really gives the Tiki bar and Tiki hut its distinctive appearance and feeling of being in the wild days of yesteryear.

Nowadays, it's certainly possible to readily find the materials you'll need to build your own Tiki bar. Of couse, you'll need some good plans and instructions to build one, because even though these structures look simple enough on the surface, there's a lot to know to build one properly so it will last for years. It's also important to ensure that it'll be safe for you and your guests.

A Tiki bar attracts and somehow conjures up the parties, and with the party often comes the alchohol, and invariably, some smokers. Since a Tiki bar is made of flammable materials, it's critical to use proper fire-proofing techniques when building it; otherwise, the whole thing could suddenly go up in a blaze - an abrupt end to a good time for all.

So, how do you build a Tiki bar? First of all, get some good plans from an experienced, reputable builder. Make sure these plans are complete, well-illustrated and include step-by-step how-to instructions that are easy to follow. It's a good idea to ensure you'll have access to assistance and consulting advice, especially if this is your first Tiki bar, or you want to customize it to your own liking.

Also, you'll need a few materials that may not be obvious or available in your area, so you'll need to know where to find these authentic materials. You'll also want a few specialty decor items to finish up your Tiki bar and make it your own.

A quality Tiki bar will weigh over 1,000 pounds, when you include its wood construction, shelving, support structure and the thatched roofing materials. You'll want to ensure this structure is properly designed, so it can safely hold the roof's weight, not blow over easily in high winds and be safe for people to lean upon (in whatever state of mind and body they may be in :)

Fortunately, there are good plans available today on the Internet that enable an average do-it-yourself type of person to build their own Tiki bar. The specialty materials can be readily ordered over the Internet. A quality, custom Tiki bar can typically be built in just a few days by an average do-it-yourselfer by following good plans and instructions.

There are also various options, like ceiling fans and controls, electrical hookups, shelving, glass holders and other options to consider in your own Tiki bar's design. Have a look around at several Tiki bars and Tiki huts to get some ideas of what's possible or contact an experienced builder and learn more.

So, if you've been wanting to host parties and give your back yard, poolside area or lakeside that island atmosphere, a Tiki bar could be just what you've been looking for. Crank up the music and the blenders and let the good times roll!

One question - when's the party?

Rick Braddy is an avid writer, professional software developer and Internet marketer, and Tiki bar enthusiast. If you're interested in a Tiki bar, or you'd like to learn more about how to build a Tiki bar, you can visit http://www.tikikev.com to learn more and see lots of pictures of both Tiki bars and huts.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Rick_Braddy

By Rick Braddy

Wallpaper Better Than Paint - 200,000 Reasons Why

2009-03-05T21:54:00.000-08:00

The most dramatic way to enhance the decor of a home is
through wallpaper supplemented by border for accent and fabric
for coordination. Paint may give a change especially when
textured or contrasted with patterns of some sort. But that
results in a more permanent effect. Modern wallpaper is
strippable. That means that what is today’s "new look" becomes
tomorrow’s "same old same old". With wallpaper, it is a reasonably
simple task to redo everything.

Your limits are your imagination. Today go for the bold
colors of a large floral. Maybe next time you’ll want a more
muted effect. Everything is totally changeable with wallpaper.
It is the home decorator’s dream come true.

When you go
through the effort of doing a room with wallpaper, why not get
that extra effect of using the matching fabric.

Of course you
could do drapes and re-cover all the furniture. That would be a
really major project with a real big budget. But
consider a low-cost alternative. You could go with a pillow or
two. No matter how expensive a fabric is you would only need a
few yards at most. You can even use one yard to go on the table
with perhaps a flower on it.

The fabric that goes with the
wallpaper goes with your furniture and carpet. If that was not
true you would not want that wallpaper. So why not do the total
package?

What if the budget really approaches zero? Why not
paint the room and use border as the accent? You get the
personality of the border with the low-cost of a plain paint
color. You could also use the border to separate different
colors in a room.

You could use the border as a chair rail in the dining room
with the top being painted different from the bottom. This idea
can be expanded to maybe wallpaper either top or the bottom.

You may want to paint the baby’s room and put the border
around the top. This could cover the beginners paint skill by
keeping the paint away from the ceiling. You got about five
inches which the border will cover. Certainly that is enough
space for you to keep the paint roller from hitting the ceiling.

You can get the best value with Norwall Wallpaper at:

http://www.norwall.net

But maybe things are better for you now than when you first
decorated. You can really upgrade with Thibaut Wallpaper and Fabric at:

http://www.thibautdesign.com

And there are many supplier in between.

Doug Johnson has been in the wallpaper business since the 1980's. He has written the software that powers his site: http://www.wallpaperpirate.com This site is about 90% fully automatic. The customer fills in all the data about his/her order and that information is forwarded to the appropriate vendor for the actual fulfillment. If there is a question concerning the delivery status, the customer utilizes the "customer self service" feature which automatically contacts the vendor for update information. The results are then e-mailed to the customer and also posted on the website for customer access.

Doug has also developed a separate password protected site for wallpaper which is restricted from being sold over the open internet. This site is for designers and those exempt from the restrictions. Further information is available at: http://www.decoratingdiscount.com

Doug is available as a consultant for others who desire to establish businesses, both online and not.

He is presently helping to establish the Independent Christian On-Line Academy at: http://www.ICOLA.us

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Douglas_Johnson

By Douglas Johnson

How to Work Like Professional Home Decorators

2009-03-05T21:52:00.000-08:00

Being a home decorator without a degree is a tough task if someone is looking at it with a professional eye. But when it comes to decorate your own home, anyone can become a decorator and start revamping his home just like a professional decorator would do. All it takes is simple knowledge of home improvements and a classic style that can please every eye. Doing so, you can save a lot of money which otherwise would go into the pockets of a professional decorator. When it is possible to be your own decorator, and then why not spend that money on your home instead of a decorator? Plus, you get everything of your own choice, which is an add-on for your home project.

Being a decorator requires some pre-planning and homework before you move on even a single step; and the very first step that would lead you to be a home decorator is a proper plan. As colors play the most essential role in a home decor, you need to choose a color scheme of your choice. Professional home decorators take several colors schemes and then make their selection. You too will have to do the same for working like a professional home decorator. These color schemes play a major role in enhancing the decor style and they show obvious variations even with the slightest change. Therefore, one needs to be precise when selecting a color scheme.

You can also use home improvement software for perfecting everything - the colors, the designs, the models and the entire décor theme. Professional home decorators always use home improvement software for such purposes. Besides giving an exact idea about the entire project, home improvement software also extends the visions of the designers as they can see their ideas on the computer screen. Visual presentation makes it a lot easier for home decorators to either plan a home décor or change an existing plan after watching it's visual. You should also get help from the software. It is easy to use and it decorates your room in just a few seconds right on your screen.

The size of your home is also counted in a home decor. You need to arrange things - buy or trash - with respect to the size of your room. If you have a very small home, you should go for a simple and descent home décor - without stuffing it with extra decoration pieces and furniture. However, a big-sized home is always a blessing for home decorators. You can arrange everything accordingly and you will still be able to save some of the space if you are too good at home decoration.

A professional home decorator takes care of all the aspects including all the rooms, interiors, walkways, exterior, doors and even the windows and curtains. You too will have to take everything together for a descent home decor. Use the color themes in such a way that it gets blended with each of the room present in your home. Moreover, you also need to give priority to the exterior of your home. Following all these steps along with reading professional home improvement magazines, you can efficiently carry on your home decoration project, just like professional home decorators. In this way, you get your required décor style by saving your money.

You can find all kind of detailed guidelines regarding home improvement, home remodeling and Do It Yourself Projects on http://www.theyarelocal.com/articles/home_improvements/index.php

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Aron_Joshua

By Aron Joshua

Commodity Futures Trading - Trade Commodities For Profits

2009-03-05T21:48:00.000-08:00